Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Microplastic Pollution in the Environment

This book chapter provides an overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution as emerging environmental contaminants, describing their formation, persistence in the environment, pathways of biological exposure, and potential toxicity to ecosystems and human health.

2025
Article Tier 2

Nano-plastics and their analytical characterisation and fate in the marine environment: From source to sea

Researchers reviewed the sources, environmental fate, organism interactions, and analytical detection methods for nano-sized plastic polymers in the marine environment, concluding that nanoplastics pose the greatest ecological risk among plastic size fractions and that standardized analytical protocols for nanoplastic characterization are urgently needed.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 142 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics in the Environment: Sources, Fate, Toxicity, Challenges and Mitigation Strategies

This review covers the formation, environmental fate, and health risks of nanoplastics, emphasizing their capacity to penetrate biological barriers and cause oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and endocrine disruption, alongside current strategies for mitigation.

2025 Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Environment: Sources, Toxicity, and Ecological Implications

This review covered the sources, environmental fate, toxicological effects, and ecological risks of microplastics and nanoplastics across all environmental compartments. The authors emphasized the bioaccumulation potential, persistence, and toxic effects of MNPs and called for coordinated international efforts to address this global contamination challenge.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Micro- and Nano-Plastics Contaminants in the Environment: Sources, Fate, Toxicity, Detection, Remediation, and Sustainable Perspectives

This review provides a broad overview of micro- and nanoplastic pollution, covering where these particles come from, how they spread through the environment, and the damage they cause to living things including humans. The authors also compare different methods for removing microplastics from the environment, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The paper calls for more research and global cooperation to develop better tools for measuring the health risks of plastic pollution.

2023 Water 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Environment: Sources, Toxicity, and Ecological Implications

This review summarized the sources, environmental distribution, toxicological effects, and ecological impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics, drawing on two decades of research across marine, freshwater, soil, and atmospheric environments. The paper highlighted the global scale of MNP contamination and the urgent need for policy action to reduce plastic pollution.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics: Emerging Threat in Global Plastic Pollution

This review examines nanoplastics as an emerging global threat within the broader plastic pollution crisis, discussing their sources, environmental distribution, and potential ecological and human health risks as a distinct concern from larger microplastic particles.

2024 Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences
Article Tier 2

Comparative Analysis of the Toxicity of Micro‐ and Nanoplastics along with Nanoparticles on the Ecosystem

This comparative review analyzes the toxicity of micro- and nanoplastics across biological systems, examining how particle size, shape, surface chemistry, and polymer type influence toxic potency. The authors synthesize findings from in vitro, in vivo, and ecological studies to support comparative risk assessment.

2024
Article Tier 2

A review on occurrence, characteristics, toxicology and treatment of nanoplastic waste in the environment

This review summarizes the current understanding of nanoplastic pollution, including sources, occurrence in water, soil, and air, and potential toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The study highlights major gaps in analytical methods for detecting nanoplastics and calls for more research on their environmental fate and health effects.

2021 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 56 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxicological review of micro- and nano-plastics in aquatic environments: Risks to ecosystems, food web dynamics and human health.

This review synthesized evidence on the toxicological effects of micro- and nanoplastics in aquatic ecosystems, covering risks to individual organisms, disruptions to food web dynamics, and pathways through which plastic exposure poses risks to human health via seafood consumption.

2024 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
Article Tier 2

Nanoscale plastic pollution: sources, identification and potential mitigation

This review examines the sources, environmental fate, and potential mitigation strategies for nanoscale plastic pollution, tracing the accumulation of plastic particles from millimetre to nanometre scales over decades. It highlights key knowledge gaps and emerging approaches for reducing nanoplastic contamination in ecosystems.

2025 Nanotechnology
Article Tier 2

Microplastics as Emerging Environmental Contaminants: Sources, Distribution and Ecological Implications

This review examines the sources, environmental distribution, and ecological implications of microplastics, which are now found across aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments worldwide. The study discusses how these persistent plastic fragments can enter food webs and highlights priorities for future monitoring, risk assessment, and pollution mitigation efforts.

2026 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics impact on marine biota: A review

Researchers reviewed the emerging toxicological literature on nanoplastics in marine ecosystems, distinguishing primary nanoplastics (manufactured at nanoscale) from secondary nanoplastics (fragmented from larger debris), and summarizing how nanoscale size changes particle reactivity and bioavailability in ways that differ substantially from their macro- and microscale counterparts.

2021 Environmental Pollution 213 citations
Article Tier 2

A critical viewpoint on current issues, limitations, and future research needs on micro- and nanoplastic studies: From the detection to the toxicological assessment.

This critical review examines the current methods for detecting and characterizing micro- and nanoplastics in various environmental samples, as well as reported toxic effects from in vivo and in vitro studies. The authors found that while substantial effort has been made to understand microplastic behavior, the scientific community is still far from a complete understanding of how these particles behave in biological systems. The review calls for improved standardized protocols and more studies focused on uptake kinetics, accumulation, and biodistribution.

2019 Environmental Research 163 citations
Article Tier 2

Impact of Microplastics on the Environment and Its Mitigation

This review examines the environmental and biological hazards of microplastics across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, covering their classification as fibers, flakes, fragments, granules, and spheres, their capacity to carry toxic chemicals, and their sorption-desorption dynamics. The authors identify significant gaps in analytical methodology and biological impact data, calling for novel mitigation strategies to address the long-term ecological risks of this emerging contaminant.

2024
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Nanoplastics and Related Chemicals

This review provides a broad overview of microplastics and nanoplastics as environmental contaminants, covering their sources, distribution across water, soil, and air, and their potential toxic effects on organisms. Researchers summarized evidence showing that these particles can accumulate in food chains and interact with other chemical pollutants, potentially amplifying health risks. The study emphasizes the need for standardized detection methods and comprehensive risk assessments across different environmental compartments.

2024 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental Impacts of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: A Current Overview

This review examined the environmental impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics across ecosystems, highlighting that these tiny particles behave differently from larger plastic debris and can absorb and transport toxic chemicals. Researchers found evidence that these particles transfer through food chains from lower organisms to higher animals, including humans. The study also explored natural biodegradation processes and current efforts to reduce plastic pollution in the environment.

2021 Frontiers in Microbiology 230 citations
Article Tier 2

The environmental journey of micro- and nanoplastics: fate, transport, and toxicity

This review traces the journey of micro- and nanoplastics through the environment, from their sources in textiles and personal care products to their transport through water and soil systems. The authors highlight major gaps in knowledge, including the lack of standardized detection methods for the smallest particles and insufficient long-term data on human health effects. The review calls for better risk assessment to protect food safety and human health from microplastic contamination.

2026 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Contamination: An Introduction to an Emerging Issue

This review examines microplastics as emerging environmental pollutants, covering their persistence in the environment, accumulation in aquatic organisms, and the need for standardized detection and monitoring approaches to address growing contamination concerns.

2025
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environment

This review examines the origins, transport pathways, and toxic impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic environments, tracing debris from diverse land-based and marine sources. Researchers found that plastic fragmentation produces ubiquitous micro- and nano-scale particles throughout ocean systems, with documented toxicity to marine organisms and potential risks to human consumers of seafood.

2022 Advances in human services and public health (AHSPH) book series 1 citations
Review Tier 2

Nanoplastics in the Aquatic Environment. Critical Review

This critical review synthesized the emerging science on nanoplastics in aquatic environments, covering detection challenges, sources, behavior, and toxicological evidence, and identifying major gaps in knowledge about nanoplastic-specific risks.

2015 608 citations
Article Tier 2

Ecotoxicological Impacts of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments

A broad review of ecotoxicological studies found that micro- and nanoplastics cause physical harm, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and reproductive impairment across a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, with nanoplastics generally exhibiting greater toxicity due to their smaller size and greater bioavailability.

2021 Environmental contamination remediation and management 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental Nanopollutants

This overview examines environmental nanopollutants — including engineered nanoparticles and degradation-derived nanoplastics — synthesising recent research on their sources, environmental fate, analytical detection methods, and health and ecological risks as emerging contaminants.

2022 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics: Status and Knowledge Gaps in the Finalization of Environmental Risk Assessments

This review assessed the current status and knowledge gaps for nanoplastic environmental risk assessment, identifying critical needs for standardized detection methods, improved exposure characterization, and better understanding of nanoplastic toxicity across ecosystems.

2022 Toxics 31 citations