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Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Environment: Sources, Toxicity, and Ecological Implications
Summary
This review covered the sources, environmental fate, toxicological effects, and ecological risks of microplastics and nanoplastics across all environmental compartments. The authors emphasized the bioaccumulation potential, persistence, and toxic effects of MNPs and called for coordinated international efforts to address this global contamination challenge.
Microplastics and nanoplastics have emerged as significant environmental contaminants over the past two decades. These tiny plastic fragments, ranging from millimeters to nanometers in size, are now found in oceans, rivers, soils, air, and even within living organisms. Their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicological effects have raised global concern. This is the biggest issue on Earth, as daily use of plastic is increasing. This research paper explores the sources, distribution, physicochemical properties, and ecotoxicological impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics.