Comparative Analysis of the Toxicity of Micro‐ and Nanoplastics along with Nanoparticles on the Ecosystem

In today's advancing era of science and technology, several chemical groups offer significant benefits for various applications, but they can also pose severe hazards if not handled carefully. The two most prevalent lethal groups in this study were plastics and nanoparticles (NPs). Based on the specific properties of chemical composition, morphology, size, surface charge, oral exposure, particle fate, and alternation in particle behavior through ingestion, one can determine whether a particle is safe or not. The emerging fields of nanotechnology and plastics have been introduced to living beings, and their surroundings are becoming a threat to their well-being. As the particle size decreases, the toxicity increases. Therefore, micro- and nanoscales particles can easily enter the system, taking advantage of this factor, and cause harm to humans, aquatic and terrestrial systems, and the atmosphere through air, water, or food. Owing to their increasing production and ubiquitous application, the risk of NPs and micro- and nanoplastic pollution is significant. The goal is to emphasize the endangerments and offer a fair overview of the critical issues and priorities for upcoming attention.