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Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Environmental Sources Human Health Effects Marine & Wildlife Nanoplastics Sign in to save

Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Environment: Sources, Toxicity, and Ecological Implications

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) 2025
Singh, Arjun

Summary

This review summarized the sources, environmental distribution, toxicological effects, and ecological impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics, drawing on two decades of research across marine, freshwater, soil, and atmospheric environments. The paper highlighted the global scale of MNP contamination and the urgent need for policy action to reduce plastic pollution.

Microplastics and nanoplastics have emerged as significant environmental contaminants over the past two decades. These tiny plastic fragments, ranging from millimeters to nanometers in size, are now found in oceans, rivers, soils, air, and even within living organisms. Their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicological effects have raised global concern. This is the biggest issue on Earth, as daily use of plastic is increasing. This research paper explores the sources, distribution, physicochemical properties, and ecotoxicological impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics.

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