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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to Toxic effects of polyethylene terephthalate microparticles and Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on the calanoid copepod, Parvocalanus crassirostris
ClearAcute and chronic combined effect of polystyrene microplastics and dibutyl phthalate on the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus
Researchers tested acute and chronic combined effects of polystyrene microplastics and dibutyl phthalate (a common plastic additive) on the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus, finding that microplastics altered phthalate accumulation in the copepod and that combined exposure amplified reproductive and developmental toxicity.
The combined toxic effects of polyvinyl chloride microplastics and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on the juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Researchers studied the combined toxic effects of PVC microplastics and the plasticizer DEHP on zebrafish embryos and larvae. While PVC alone slowed hatching and increased death rates, the combination of PVC and DEHP actually showed some antagonistic effects, reducing certain types of damage compared to individual exposures. The study provides insight into how microplastics and their associated chemicals may interact in complex ways when organisms are exposed to them together in natural waters.
Short-Term Exposure to MPs and DEHP Disrupted Gill Functions in Marine Bivalves
Researchers found that short-term exposure to polypropylene microplastics and the plasticizer DEHP disrupted gill functions in two marine clam species, with combined exposure producing synergistic toxic effects on filtration rates and antioxidant enzyme activity.
Combined ecotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics and Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate increase exposure risks to Mytilus coruscus based on the bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, metabolic profiles, and nutritional interferences
Researchers exposed hard-shelled mussels to a common plastic additive (DEHP) and polystyrene microplastics together, and found that the microplastics increased how much DEHP accumulated in the animals' digestive organs. The combined exposure disrupted the mussels' antioxidant defenses and altered their metabolic processes more than either pollutant alone. The study suggests that microplastics can amplify the harmful effects of chemical pollutants in marine organisms.
Single and combined effects of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and bisphenol A on life traits of the tropical micro-crustacean Ceriodaphniacornuta
This study investigated the individual and combined effects of two common plastic additives — DEHP (a phthalate plasticizer) and bisphenol A — on the life history of freshwater zooplankton. Both chemicals are leached from plastic products into the environment and were found to affect reproduction and survival, with combined effects sometimes different from either chemical alone.
Transcriptome sequencing and metabolite analysis reveal the single and combined effects of microplastics and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on Peneaus vannamei
Researchers used transcriptomics and metabolomics to study the individual and combined effects of microplastics and the plasticizer DEHP on shrimp. Both pollutants disrupted antioxidant defense systems and altered amino acid and lipid metabolism, leading to inflammatory responses. Interestingly, the presence of microplastics appeared to partially reduce the toxicity of DEHP, suggesting complex interactions between plastic particles and their chemical additives in marine organisms.
Combined Toxicities of Di-Butyl Phthalate and Polyethylene Terephthalate to Zebrafish Embryos
Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos to polyethylene terephthalate microplastics and the plasticizer di-butyl phthalate, both alone and in combination. While the microplastics alone mainly delayed hatching, the plasticizer caused severe developmental abnormalities and death. The study found that the microplastics actually reduced the toxicity of the plasticizer by adsorbing it, though they also slowed its breakdown, creating a more persistent exposure risk.
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exacerbated the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics through histological damage and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in freshwater Micropterus salmoides
Researchers studied the combined effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and the plasticizer DEHP on juvenile largemouth bass through dietary and waterborne exposure. They found that DEHP worsened the toxic effects of nanoplastics, causing greater tissue damage in the liver and intestines and significant disruption of the gut microbiome. The study suggests that nanoplastics carrying adsorbed chemical pollutants may pose amplified risks to freshwater fish health.
The combined effects of nanoplastics and dibutyl phthalate on Streptomyces coelicolor M145
Researchers examined the combined toxicity of nanoplastics and the plasticizer dibutyl phthalate on Streptomyces coelicolor, finding that their co-exposure produces different effects than either contaminant alone, highlighting concerns about combined plastic-related pollution.
Single and joint exposure to nanoplastics and bisphenols: a comparative assessment of in vitro hazards
This study compared the individual and combined toxicity of nanoplastics and bisphenol compounds in biological test systems, finding synergistic effects at certain exposure combinations. The results indicate that co-exposure to these two common plastic-associated contaminants may be more harmful than either alone.
Beyond carrier effects: Polyamide microplastics and TCPP jointly drive physiological toxicity in mussels at environmental concentrations
Researchers exposed thick-shelled mussels to polyamide microplastics combined with the flame retardant TCPP at environmentally relevant concentrations. They found that the combined stress caused physiological toxicity through an adsorption effect rather than a simple carrier effect, with potentially irreversible damage to digestive glands. The study also showed that the internal bacterial diversity of exposed mussels was altered, indicating broader ecological consequences of microplastic-chemical co-exposure in marine environments.
Study of the toxicological effects of emerging contaminants on Daphnia similis associating polyethylene microplastics with the agrochemical imidacloprid.
Brazilian researchers tested the ecotoxicological effects of combining polyethylene microplastics with the insecticide imidacloprid on the freshwater crustacean Daphnia, finding combined exposures were more toxic than either pollutant alone. These results suggest that microplastics and pesticides together pose greater risks to aquatic organisms than studies of single pollutants indicate.
Polystyrene nanoparticles enhance the adverse effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on male reproductive system in mice
Researchers investigated the combined reproductive toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles and the plasticizer DEHP in male mice over 35 days. The study found that co-exposure to nanoparticles and DEHP produced enhanced adverse effects on sperm quality and testicular tissue compared to either substance alone, suggesting nanoplastics may amplify the endocrine-disrupting effects of plasticizers.
Polyethylene microplastics enhanced the toxicity of diisobutyl phthalate in saline soil microorganisms
Researchers examined whether polyethylene microplastics alter the toxicity of the plasticizer diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) on saline soil microorganisms by testing combinations of both pollutants at two concentrations. PE microplastics enhanced DiBP toxicity to soil microbial communities, suggesting that co-contamination of saline agricultural soils poses greater risks than either pollutant alone.
The combined toxicity test of polyester and tetra ethylene glycol on Daphnia magna
This study tested the combined toxicity of polyester microplastics and tetraethylene glycol on the water flea Daphnia magna, a standard freshwater toxicity test organism. The combined exposure was more harmful than either substance alone, highlighting the risks of plastic-chemical mixtures in aquatic environments.
Individual and combined effects of microplastics and diphenyl phthalate as plastic additives on male goldfish: A biochemical and physiological investigation
Male goldfish exposed to both microplastics and the plasticizer chemical DPP (diphenyl phthalate) together showed significant liver damage, disrupted fat and sugar metabolism, and hormonal imbalances including decreased testosterone and increased estrogen. The combined exposure was more harmful than either pollutant alone, demonstrating how microplastics and their chemical additives can work together to disrupt the endocrine system.
Single and Combined Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics and Dibutyl Phthalate on Hybrid Snakehead (Channa maculata ♀ × Channa argus ♂)
Researchers studied the individual and combined effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and the chemical plasticizer dibutyl phthalate on a commercially important freshwater fish. The nanoplastics alone inhibited growth and caused liver and intestinal damage, and co-exposure with the plasticizer made these effects worse. The findings suggest that microplastics and the chemicals they carry can have compounding harmful effects on aquatic organisms.
Environmental microplastic and phthalate esters co-contamination, interrelationships, co-toxicity and mechanisms. A review
This review examines the widespread co-occurrence of microplastics and phthalate esters, common plastic softening chemicals, across water, soil, and living organisms. Researchers found that factors like temperature, UV exposure, and plastic type influence how much phthalate leaches from or adsorbs onto microplastics. Evidence indicates that the combination of these two pollutants produces synergistic toxic effects, including reproductive, neurological, and liver damage.
The synergistic effect of mono and co-exposure of microplastic suspensions on Daphnia magna’s survival, population density, reproduction rate & swimming behavior.
When water fleas (Daphnia magna) were exposed to mixtures of HDPE, LDPE, and polypropylene microplastics together, the combined toxicity was substantially greater than any single polymer alone, with the mixture LC50 dropping to 77 mg/L compared to 109–123 mg/L for individual plastics. This synergistic effect — reducing survival, reproduction, and normal swimming behavior — is an important finding because organisms in nature encounter mixtures of plastic types, not just one at a time.
Mixtures of Micro and Nanoplastics and Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Environment: What We Know about Their Toxicological Effects
This review examines what is known about the toxicological effects of micro- and nanoplastic mixtures combined with other emerging contaminants in the environment. Researchers found that most studies fail to calculate proper interaction parameters, making it difficult to determine whether combined exposures produce additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects on organisms.
Ecotoxicity of polyethylene microplastics and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, isolated and combined, in the gills and livers of Aquarana catesbeiana (Shaw, 1802) tadpoles.
Researchers assessed the combined ecotoxicity of polyethylene microplastics and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on aquatic organisms, testing both contaminants individually and in combination to evaluate whether co-exposure produces additive, synergistic, or antagonistic toxic effects.
Combined toxicity of microplastic fibers and dibutyl phthalate on algae: Synergistic or antagonistic?
This study found that when microplastic fibers and the plasticizer DBP (a chemical commonly added to plastics) are combined, they cause more damage to freshwater algae than either pollutant alone. The combination produced a synergistic toxic effect, meaning the harm was greater than simply adding the effects of each pollutant together. Since both microplastic fibers and plasticizers are widespread in freshwater environments, their combined presence could threaten the base of aquatic food chains.
Plasticiser leaching from polyvinyl chloride microplastics and the implications for environmental risk assessment
Researchers measured the leaching of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA) from polyvinyl chloride microplastics under simulated marine conditions, finding that both plasticizers leached in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These findings are important for environmental risk assessments of PVC microplastics, which represent a major fraction of ocean plastic pollution.
Combined effects of global warming and microplastic exposure from individual to populational levels of a benthic copepod
This study assessed the combined effects of global warming and microplastic exposure on freshwater and marine organisms across individual and population levels, examining how climate and plastic pollution interact as co-occurring stressors. Results showed that warming conditions modified microplastic toxicity in ways that suggest climate change will alter the ecological risk of plastic pollution in aquatic systems.