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Study of the toxicological effects of emerging contaminants on Daphnia similis associating polyethylene microplastics with the agrochemical imidacloprid.
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Brazilian researchers tested the ecotoxicological effects of combining polyethylene microplastics with the insecticide imidacloprid on the freshwater crustacean Daphnia, finding combined exposures were more toxic than either pollutant alone. These results suggest that microplastics and pesticides together pose greater risks to aquatic organisms than studies of single pollutants indicate.
A crescente preocupação com poluentes emergentes e seus impactos sobre corpos hídricos tem impulsionado diversos estudos. As análises ecotoxicológicas são uma das alternativas que auxiliam na investigação dos potenciais tóxicos de xenobióticos quando inseridos em sistemas ambientais, através das respostas de organismos modelos. Microplásticos (MPs) e pesticidas, em especial o imidacloprido (IMI), são compostos que têm sido cada vez mais verificados, mesmo em concentrações na ordem de micro ou nanogramas, em corpos d\'água. Esses compostos apresentam uma capacidade química sinérgica com grande risco potencial para os ecossistemas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos toxicológicos do imidacloprido comercial (IMIc) e padrão (IMIp), associados ou não aos microplásticos de polietileno, em partículas virgens e fragmentadas, através de seus efeitos toxicológicos agudos, crônicos e de estresse oxidativo sobre o organismo modelo, o microcrustáceo Daphnia similis. A caracterização físico-química dos MPs foi realizada por Espectroscopia de Infravermelha por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR-ATR), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e quantificação e mensuração por câmara de Sedgewick e Malvern 2000. Os IMIs foram caracterizados por espectrofotometria UV-Vis e submetidos a teste e avaliação de cinética de adsorção junto aos MPs. A combinação e mistura dos compostos apresentaram mudanças significativas na resposta de estresse oxidativo, no desbalanço redox dos organismos, apresentando maiores variações de atividades enzimáticas para os MPs quando associados aos pesticidas em relação aos compostos analisados isoladamente, expressando maior potencial tóxico quando em combinações. Assim, o estudo ecotoxicológico das amostras de IMI comercial e padrão mostraram-se fundamental no processo de avaliação dos MPs quando associados aos pesticidas, fornecendo informações sobre os potenciais impactos desses compostos no ecossistema aquático, além de verificar-se como mais uma ferramenta de contribuição no controle, regulamentação e remediação dos mesmos.
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Impacts of microplastics and pesticides on Daphnia
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Researchers investigated the combined and individual impacts of microplastics and pesticides on Daphnia magna, a model crustacean widely used in freshwater ecotoxicology, to assess how these co-occurring pollutants affect aquatic ecosystem health. The study examined survival, reproduction, and physiological responses in D. magna exposed to varying concentrations of both stressors under controlled conditions.
Combined toxicity of perfluoroalkyl substances and microplastics on the sentinel species Daphnia magna: Implications for freshwater ecosystems
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This study tested how PFAS chemicals (common industrial pollutants) and PET microplastics affect water fleas, both alone and together. The combination caused worse developmental and reproductive problems than either pollutant alone, and organisms with prior chemical exposure history responded differently, showing that microplastics can amplify the harm of other environmental contaminants in ways that are difficult to predict.
Toxicity Evaluation of Microplastics Exposure in Water Contaminated with Pyrene and Methyl Chlorpyrifos Using Daphnia magna
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Scientists tested how two microplastic types, combined with two common water pollutants, affected small water fleas (Daphnia magna) in lab experiments. The pollutants stuck to the microplastics, and exposure to both together increased harm, including reduced survival and reproduction, especially when one plastic type carried the adsorbed pollutants.
The synergistic effect of mono and co-exposure of microplastic suspensions on Daphnia magna’s survival, population density, reproduction rate & swimming behavior.
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When water fleas (Daphnia magna) were exposed to mixtures of HDPE, LDPE, and polypropylene microplastics together, the combined toxicity was substantially greater than any single polymer alone, with the mixture LC50 dropping to 77 mg/L compared to 109–123 mg/L for individual plastics. This synergistic effect — reducing survival, reproduction, and normal swimming behavior — is an important finding because organisms in nature encounter mixtures of plastic types, not just one at a time.
Evaluation Of The Toxicity Of The Microplastic Polyethylene In Association With Distinct Emerging Pollutants In Aquatic Vertebrates
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This study evaluated the toxicity of polyethylene microplastics in association with distinct emerging pollutants using ecotoxicological assays. The research was supported by the Brazilian education agency CAPES and examined combinatorial effects of microplastics with co-occurring contaminants.
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