Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Quantification of tire wear particles in road dust based on synthetic/natural rubber ratio using pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry across diverse tire types

Researchers developed an improved method for measuring tire wear particles in road dust that accounts for differences in rubber composition across tire brands and types. They found that the standard ISO method, which assumes a fixed ratio of synthetic to natural rubber, can significantly misestimate tire wear concentrations. The refined approach provides more accurate measurements of this major source of microplastic pollution from road traffic.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 21 citations
Article Tier 2

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Tire Wear Particles (TWPs) in Road Dust Using a Novel Mode of Operation of TGA-GC/MS

This study developed qualitative and quantitative methods for analyzing tire wear particles (TWPs) in road dust, using a combination of analytical techniques to distinguish rubber particles from other road dust components. Accurate TWP quantification is essential for assessing their contribution to environmental microplastic burdens.

2024 Environmental Science & Technology Letters 7 citations
Article Tier 2

ATiered Quantification and Source Mapping Frameworkfor Tire Wear Particle Analysis in Environmental Matrices

Researchers developed a tiered quantification and source mapping framework for tire wear particles (TWPs) in environmental matrices, using pyrolysis GC-MS with real tread-derived calibration curves to improve quantification accuracy across heterogeneous tread compositions.

2025 Figshare
Article Tier 2

Characteristics of Real-world Non-exhaust Particulates from Vehicles

Researchers characterized non-exhaust particulate emissions from vehicle tire and road wear, collecting atmospheric PM samples with a high-volume quartz filter sampler and using pyrolysis-GC/MS to analyze tire rubber markers including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, quantifying the contribution of tire-brake-road wear particles to urban air pollution.

2022 Preprints.org 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Comparison of Methods for Sampling Particulate Emissions from Tires under Different Test Environments

Researchers compared different methods for sampling tire wear particle emissions under various test conditions, finding significant methodological differences that affect measurement outcomes and highlighting the need for standardized approaches as non-exhaust emissions become an increasing share of total vehicle pollution.

2022 Atmosphere 23 citations
Article Tier 2

A Tiered Quantification and Source Mapping Framework for Tire Wear Particle Analysis in Environmental Matrices

Researchers developed an improved method for quantifying tire wear particles in environmental samples using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based on real tire tread composition. The approach achieved 94-113% accuracy, a significant improvement over previous methods, and includes a tiered framework for distinguishing tire-derived signals from other interference. This methodology enables more reliable tracking of tire wear particles, a major but often underestimated source of microplastic pollution.

2025 Environmental Science & Technology 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Chemical Leaching from Tire Wear Particles with Various Treadwear Ratings

Researchers investigated how tire treadwear ratings affect chemical leaching from tire wear particles, finding that benzothiazole compounds leached at different rates depending on tire type, with an additional derivative (2-mercaptobenzothiazole) detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The findings suggest that using benzothiazole alone as a quantification marker for tire wear particles can lead to inaccurate estimates of environmental contamination.

2022 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Analytical challenges and possibilities for the quantification of tire-road wear particles

This review examines the analytical challenges involved in measuring tire-road wear particles, one of the largest sources of microplastic emissions. Researchers cataloged the wide range of methods used to detect and quantify these particles, noting that their varied size, shape, density, and chemical makeup make consistent measurement difficult. The study highlights the need for standardized analytical approaches so that results from different studies can be meaningfully compared.

2023 TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 65 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantification of tire tread wear particles in microparticles produced on the road using oleamide as a novel marker

A novel analytical method using oleamide, a compound incorporated into tire rubber for processing purposes, as a chemical marker was developed and validated to quantify tire tread wear particles in road microparticle samples, offering improved specificity over existing benzothiazole-based approaches for source attribution of tire-derived microplastics.

2021 Environmental Pollution 61 citations
Article Tier 2

Adapting Methods for Isolation and Enumeration of Microplastics to Quantify Tire Road Wear Particles with Confirmation by Pyrolysis GC–MS

Researchers adapted microplastic analysis methods for isolating and counting tire road wear particles from environmental samples, a challenging task due to the varied composition and density of these particles. They found that alkaline digestions are compatible with tire rubber but hydrogen peroxide can damage the particles, and developed visual criteria to distinguish tire particles from bitumen. The adapted methods were validated with road dust samples and confirmed by electron microscopy and pyrolysis mass spectrometry.

2025 Environmental Science & Technology 5 citations
Article Tier 2

What is known and unknown concerning microplastics from tyre wear?

This review synthesizes current knowledge on tyre wear particles (TWPs) as a major source of road-traffic microplastics, covering how particle generation, transport pathways, and environmental fate depend on tyre composition, road characteristics, and weather. A key finding is that while TWPs can be identified in environmental samples, quantifying them precisely remains difficult and expensive—a gap that must be closed to accurately assess human and ecological exposure.

2023 Road Materials and Pavement Design 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Determination of Tire Wear Particle-Type Polymers by Combination of Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Soxhlet Extraction

Researchers combined quantitative pyrolysis-GC/MS with other analytical methods to specifically identify and quantify tire wear particle-derived polymers in environmental samples. The approach enables more accurate attribution of rubber polymer contamination to tire wear versus other sources.

2024 Molecules 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Variation in Abundance Ratio of Isoprene and Dipentene Produced from Wear Particles Composed of Natural Rubber by Pyrolysis Depending on the Particle Size and Thermal Aging

Researchers found that the pyrolysis product ratio of isoprene to dipentene in natural rubber tire wear particles increases as particle size decreases and with thermal aging — a finding with implications for more accurate quantification of tire wear particles in environmental samples.

2023 Polymers 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Tire crumb in the environment: a review on occurrence, fate and recent advances in detection and analysis

This review provides a comprehensive assessment of tire wear particles as environmental contaminants, covering their physical and chemical properties, occurrence across environmental matrices, and detection methods. Researchers found that tire wear particles are present in air, water, and soil worldwide but remain difficult to quantify due to their variable density, aging behavior, and lack of standardized detection protocols. The study highlights the urgent need for consistent analytical methods to better understand how these particles move through and impact the environment.

2025 Soft Matter 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Car and truck tire wear particles in complex environmental samples – A quantitative comparison with “traditional” microplastic polymer mass loads

Researchers extended an existing Py-GC/MS method to include tire wear particles (TWP) alongside conventional microplastics in North Sea samples, finding that TWP represent a dominant mass fraction of environmental MPs often excluded from polymer-based surveys.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 186 citations
Article Tier 2

Concentrations of tire wear microplastics and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles in the road environment

Researchers measured actual environmental concentrations of tire wear microplastics and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles in a rural highway setting, providing field-based data to complement the theoretical estimates that dominate current literature.

2022 Environment International 153 citations
Article Tier 2

Analysis of the Volatile Organic Components in Tire-Road-Wear Particles from a Vehicle in Real Road Driving Conditions

This study measured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from tire and road-wear particles collected from a vehicle during real-world driving, identifying marker compounds like n-hexane and n-dodecane associated with synthetic and natural rubber. The research is relevant because tire-wear particles are a major but under-regulated source of microplastic pollution on roads and in waterways, and these VOC profiles could help establish emissions standards.

2023 Preprints.org
Article Tier 2

Characteristics of Vehicle Tire and Road Wear Particles’ Size Distribution and Influencing Factors Examined via Laboratory Test

Researchers conducted laboratory tests to characterize the size distribution of tire and road wear particles under various conditions. The study found that factors such as driving speed, tire composition, and road surface characteristics significantly influence the size and quantity of wear particles released, which are a growing source of microplastic pollution.

2024 Atmosphere 12 citations
Article Tier 2

On-Road Vehicle Measurement of Tire Wear Particle Emissions and Approach for Emission Prediction

An instrumented measurement vehicle was developed to quantify tire wear particle emissions under real-world on-road conditions, identifying key driving parameters such as speed, load, and cornering that govern emission rates. The study supports the development of emission factors and regulatory standards for non-exhaust tire-derived microplastic pollution.

2022 Tire Science and Technology 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Methods for laboratory-generation and physico-chemical characterisation of tyre wear particles

Researchers developed a lab method to generate tire wear particles using a friction machine and then identified a suite of chemical compounds that could serve as reliable markers for detecting these particles in environmental samples. Tire wear is one of the largest single sources of microplastic pollution globally, yet quantifying it in the environment has been hampered by the lack of agreed marker compounds. This work lays groundwork for standardized monitoring of tire particle pollution in soils and waterways.

2024 Detritus 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Characteristics of Real-world Non-exhaust Particulates from Vehicles

Researchers analyzed non-exhaust particulate emissions from vehicles by collecting tire and atmospheric PM samples, using pyrolysis-GC/MS and ICP/MS to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals as markers, and found that tire and road wear particles contribute substantially to atmospheric particulate matter with toxicological implications.

2022 Preprints.org 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Mass concentrations of common microplastics and tire wear rubbers in urban air

Researchers measured mass concentrations of common microplastics and tire wear rubber particles in urban ambient air, providing quantitative data for inhalation exposure assessment. Tire wear rubber dominated the airborne particle mass in traffic-influenced areas, exceeding concentrations of synthetic polymer microplastics.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Classification and Characterization of Tire-Road Wear Particles in Road Dust by Density

Tire-road wear particles were classified and characterized by density using road dust from an asphalt pavement, allowing separation of tire tread-derived particles from road surface and mineral components. The density-based classification approach improves the accuracy of tire wear particle quantification in environmental monitoring studies.

2022 Polymers 50 citations
Article Tier 2

Dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis of rubber release from tires into the environment

A dynamic material flow analysis model estimated the annual and cumulative release of rubber from vehicle tires into the environment via road wear, finding that tire rubber represents a substantial fraction of total microplastic pollution in terrestrial and aquatic systems. The study helps quantify this important but often overlooked microplastic source.

2019 Environmental Pollution 184 citations