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Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Detection Methods Environmental Sources Sign in to save

Determination of Tire Wear Particle-Type Polymers by Combination of Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Soxhlet Extraction

Molecules 2024 5 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Marcel Günther, Gizem Kirimlioglu Sayilik, Wolfgang Imhof

Summary

Researchers combined quantitative pyrolysis-GC/MS with other analytical methods to specifically identify and quantify tire wear particle-derived polymers in environmental samples. The approach enables more accurate attribution of rubber polymer contamination to tire wear versus other sources.

Polymers

Tire wear particles (TWPs) are among the most relevant sources of microplastic pollution of the environment. Nevertheless, common analytical methods like IR and Raman spectroscopy are highly impaired by additives and filler materials, leaving only thermogravimetric methods for chemical analysis of TWPs in most cases. We herein present quantitative NMR spectroscopy (qNMR) as an alternative tool for the quantification of the polymeric material used for the production of tires, including natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene-copolymer (SBR), polyethylene-co-propylene (EPR) and polybutadiene (BR). Limits of quantification (LOQ) between 3 µg and 43 µg per sample and recovery rates of 72-92% were achieved for all tested polymer types. The first results of combining these measurements with Soxhlet extraction as a sample preparation tool are presented alongside the qNMR experiments.

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