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Characteristics of Real-world Non-exhaust Particulates from Vehicles
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Researchers analyzed non-exhaust particulate emissions from vehicles by collecting tire and atmospheric PM samples, using pyrolysis-GC/MS and ICP/MS to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals as markers, and found that tire and road wear particles contribute substantially to atmospheric particulate matter with toxicological implications.
The need to regulate the non-exhaust particulate emissions from vehicles has been discussed worldwide due to the toxicity to the human body as well as the atmosphere. In-depth studies have been conducted on precise analysis of the non-exhaust particulates, in particular, accurate measurement of tire-brake-road wear particles, and their proportion in the atmosphere. In this study, the influence of tire and road wear particles (TRWP) on particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere was investigated through tire and PM samples. PM samples were collected from the atmosphere using a high-volume sampler equipped with a quartz filter. Additionally, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in tire rubber were analyzed as markers by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), GC/MS, and inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). More vinylcyclohexene was detected than dipentene in the markers measured in the samples of tires equipped with vehicles driving on the road with the high-volume sampler installed, while more dipentene was detected in total suspended particles (TSP) samples. Among the PAHs measured in tire samples, pyrene exhibited the highest concentration. In TSP samples, benzo(b)fluoranthene showed the highest concentration. Among the heavy metals, zinc exhibited the highest concentration in all tire samples and calcium in TSP samples.
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Characteristics of Real-world Non-exhaust Particulates from Vehicles
AI summary Read the abstract
Researchers characterized non-exhaust particulate emissions from vehicle tire and road wear, collecting atmospheric PM samples with a high-volume quartz filter sampler and using pyrolysis-GC/MS to analyze tire rubber markers including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, quantifying the contribution of tire-brake-road wear particles to urban air pollution.
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Researchers measured tire and road wear particles (TRWP) in PM2.5 at roadside sites in London, Tokyo, and Los Angeles, finding that TRWP contributed only 0.27% of total PM2.5 on average, with concentrations ranging from less than 0.004 to 0.10 µg/m³ and no significant correlation with traffic count.
Characteristics of Real-World Non-Exhaust Particulates from Vehicles
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This study characterized non-exhaust particulate emissions from vehicles including brake wear, tire wear, and road surface particles, examining their size distributions, chemical composition, and toxicity potential. The results support calls for regulatory frameworks that extend beyond tailpipe emissions to address the full spectrum of vehicle-derived pollution.
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Researchers measured actual environmental concentrations of tire wear microplastics and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles in a rural highway setting, providing field-based data to complement the theoretical estimates that dominate current literature.
Quantification and occurrence of 39 tire-related chemicals in urban and rural aerosol from Saxony, Germany.
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Researchers quantified 39 tire-related chemicals in urban and rural aerosol samples from two German cities, finding that tire and road wear particles contribute a diverse mixture of organic chemicals — including toxic benzothiazoles and p-phenylenediamines — to urban air. The study establishes that tire particles are a significant source of chemical contamination in city air, with implications for human inhalation exposure.
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