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Chemical Leaching from Tire Wear Particles with Various Treadwear Ratings
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Researchers investigated how tire treadwear ratings affect chemical leaching from tire wear particles, finding that benzothiazole compounds leached at different rates depending on tire type, with an additional derivative (2-mercaptobenzothiazole) detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The findings suggest that using benzothiazole alone as a quantification marker for tire wear particles can lead to inaccurate estimates of environmental contamination.
Physical friction between a tire and the road surface generates tire wear particles (TWPs), which are a source of microplastics and particulate matter. This study investigated the trends of chemical leaching from TWPs depending on the treadwear rating of the tire. A road simulator was used to produce TWPs from tires with various treadwear ratings. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the chemical leaching from TWPs, with a particular focus on benzothiazole and its derivative 2-hydroxy benzothiazole. However, chemical mapping via high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry detected another derivative: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. The benzothiazole groups were observed to have different leaching tendencies, implying that using benzothiazole as a marker compound may lead to incorrect TWP quantitation. The results of this research also suggest that the ecotoxicological influence of TWPs can vary with the treadwear rating of a tire.
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Researchers developed an improved method for quantifying tire wear particles in environmental samples using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based on real tire tread composition. The approach achieved 94-113% accuracy, a significant improvement over previous methods, and includes a tiered framework for distinguishing tire-derived signals from other interference. This methodology enables more reliable tracking of tire wear particles, a major but often underestimated source of microplastic pollution.
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