Papers

61,005 results
|
Article Tier 2

Occurrence, characteristics, and microbial community of microplastics in anaerobic sludge of wastewater treatment plants

Researchers studied microplastic contamination in anaerobic sludge from wastewater treatment plants in three different Chinese cities. They found microplastics in all samples at concentrations of 16.5 to 38.5 particles per gram, predominantly as fibers and polyethylene fragments, with distinct microbial communities colonizing the plastic surfaces. The study highlights that wastewater treatment plants act as point sources distributing microplastics into the environment through their sludge output.

2024 Environmental Pollution 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in sewage sludge from the wastewater treatment plants in China

Researchers analyzed microplastics in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants across China, finding high concentrations of microplastics — predominantly fibers and fragments — raising concerns about their spread when sludge is applied to agricultural land.

2018 Water Research 1001 citations
Article Tier 2

Distribution of microplastics in the sludge of wastewater treatment plants in chengdu, China

Microplastics were found in sludge from all processing units at wastewater treatment plants in Chengdu, China, with the highest concentrations in thickened and dewatered sludge, indicating that sludge handling and land application represent a major pathway for microplastics to re-enter terrestrial environments.

2021 Chemosphere 72 citations
Article Tier 2

Characteristics and removal efficiency of microplastics in sewage treatment plant of Xi'an City, northwest China

Researchers systematically tracked microplastic transport, characteristics, and removal through both the sewage and sludge treatment streams of a Chinese wastewater treatment plant. The study found that while most microplastics were removed from effluent, substantial quantities accumulated in sludge.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 91 citations
Article Tier 2

Abundance, morphology, and removal efficiency of microplastics in two wastewater treatment plants in Nanjing, China

Researchers investigated microplastic abundance, morphology, and removal efficiency at two wastewater treatment plants in Nanjing, China, finding four microplastic shapes including fragments, granules, films, and fibres across varying sizes and proportions. The study examined how treatment technology, operational parameters, and sewage source characteristics influenced microplastic removal rates.

2020 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 65 citations
Article Tier 2

The Pollution Characteristics and Fate of Microplastics in Typical Wastewater Treatment Systems in Northern China

Researchers analyzed microplastic contamination at two wastewater treatment plants in Zhengzhou, China, finding overall removal efficiencies of about 93 and 96 percent respectively. Fibers and fragments were the most common microplastic shapes detected, with much of the removed material ending up concentrated in sewage sludge. The study raises concerns that while treatment processes are effective at reducing waterborne microplastics, the contaminated sludge may redistribute the pollution when applied to agricultural land.

2024 Separations 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Identification and quantification of microplastics in wastewater treatment plant effluent: Investigation of the fate and biological effects

This study identified and quantified microplastics in wastewater treatment plant effluents and sludge, finding particles in all samples with fibers being the dominant type. The research contributes to understanding how much microplastic reaches surface waters via wastewater discharge and how much is captured in sludge that is subsequently applied to agricultural land.

2018 Griffith Research Online (Griffith University, Queensland, Australia) 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Behavior and flow of microplastics during sludge treatment in Japan

Sampling of two Osaka wastewater treatment plants found microplastics at every stage of the sludge treatment process, with 13 polymer types identified; concentration increased through dewatering, but the total MP load in final biosolids was lower than in raw sludge.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessment and accumulation of microplastics in sewage sludge at wastewater treatment plants located in Cádiz, Spain

Researchers sampled microplastics from primary, secondary, and digested sludge at seven wastewater treatment plants in southern Spain, finding sludge acts as a significant sink for microplastics. Fragments and fibers under 2 mm were dominant, and concentrations varied significantly between urban and industrial plant types.

2022 Environmental Pollution 57 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in wastewater treatment plants and their contributions to surface water and farmland pollution in China

Researchers examined microplastic abundance in sewage and sludge at Shenzhen wastewater treatment plants, estimating that annual microplastic loading from WWTPs to surface water and farmland soil across China is substantial. WWTPs concentrate microplastics in sludge, which then becomes a major pathway for plastic contamination of agricultural land when applied as fertilizer.

2023 Chemosphere 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigation of the microplastics profile in sludge from China’s largest Water reclamation plant using a feasible isolation device

This study developed a practical isolation device for extracting microplastics from sewage sludge using a fritted glass funnel and filtration apparatus, and applied it to sludge from Chinese wastewater treatment plants. The results revealed diverse microplastic types in sludge, with implications for land application of sludge as fertilizer.

2020 Journal of Hazardous Materials 131 citations
Article Tier 2

Tracing the fate of microplastic in wastewater treatment plant: A multi-stage analysis of treatment units and sludge

Researchers tracked microplastics through every stage of a wastewater treatment plant and found that while treatment removes many particles from the water, most end up concentrated in the leftover sludge. Fibers and fragments were the most common shapes, made primarily of polyester and polyethylene. Since treated sludge is often spread on farmland, this creates a pathway for microplastics to enter soil and potentially the food chain.

2023 Environmental Pollution 60 citations
Article Tier 2

Fate of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants and their environmental dispersion with effluent and sludge

Researchers tracked microplastics through a wastewater treatment plant and found 12 different polymer types in effluents and sludge, with smaller particles (25–104 μm) most abundant and fibres displaying lower sizes than fragments. The study demonstrates that WWTPs do not fully remove microplastics and that processed sludge marketed as soil amendment carries plastic contamination.

2019 Environmental Pollution 589 citations
Review Tier 2

A global review of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: Understanding their occurrence, fate and impact

A global review of 121 wastewater treatment plants found that microplastics are consistently present in both influent and effluent, with WWTPs acting as major conduits delivering plastics into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. While removal efficiencies varied widely, the sludge produced by these plants represents a concentrated secondary pathway for microplastic release to land.

2022 Environmental Research 76 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of typical sludge treatment on microplastics in China—Characteristics, abundance and micro-morphological evidence

Different sludge treatment technologies used in China including anaerobic digestion, thermal drying, and composting were compared for their effects on microplastic characteristics and abundance, with results showing that treatment method significantly altered microplastic morphology but did not eliminate contamination. The study informs decisions about which treatment approaches best reduce microplastic transfer to soils when sludge is land-applied.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 45 citations
Article Tier 2

Occurrence and Characteristics of Microplastics in a Wastewater Treatment Plant

Researchers sampled the inflow, outflow, and sludge of a Chinese wastewater treatment plant, finding up to 44 microplastic particles per liter in incoming water — mostly polyester fibers. The plant removed about 96% of microplastics, but the remaining fraction was still discharged into receiving waterways.

2021 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Wastewater Treatment Plants as a Key Source of Secondary Microplastic in the Urban Environment

Researchers investigated the occurrence, distribution, and characteristics of microplastics in sewage sludge from two wastewater treatment plants in Uttarakhand, India, finding that WWTPs act as a key source of secondary microplastic pollution in the urban environment as sludge concentrates particles removed during treatment.

2024 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Occurrence, identification, and discharge of microplastics from effluent and sludge of the largest WWTP in Iran—South of Tehran

Researchers quantified microplastics in Iran's largest wastewater treatment plant and found significant concentrations in both effluent and sludge, identifying the facility as a pathway for microplastic release into the environment despite treatment processes.

2022 Water Environment Research 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of different treatment processes in four municipal wastewater treatment plants on the transport and fate of microplastics

Researchers investigated microplastic transport and fate across four municipal wastewater treatment plants in southeastern China, finding that different treatment processes varied in their microplastic removal efficiency, with fibers and fragments as the dominant types.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 86 citations
Article Tier 2

[Microplastics in wastewater treatment: current status and future trends].

This review summarizes current research on microplastic occurrence, removal, and fate in wastewater treatment plants, noting that while plants capture most microplastics in activated sludge, significant numbers still escape into effluent. The sludge itself then becomes a major pathway for microplastics to enter agricultural soils when applied as fertilizer. Future treatment improvements and sludge management policies are needed to reduce these release pathways.

2022 PubMed 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Fate of Microplastic Pollution Along the Water and Sludge Lines in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Researchers evaluated microplastic abundance and distribution across three municipal wastewater treatment plants using different treatment technologies. The study found that all three plants achieved greater than 97% microplastic removal along the water treatment line, with microplastics concentrating in the sludge fraction, underscoring the important role of sludge treatment in sequestering microplastics from wastewater.

2025 Microplastics 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Research progress on microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: A holistic review

This review provides a holistic assessment of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants, covering sampling methods, occurrence patterns across treatment stages, removal efficiencies, and the environmental risks posed by microplastic discharge through effluent and sludge.

2022 Journal of Environmental Management 88 citations
Article Tier 2

Transport and fate of microplastic particles in wastewater treatment plants

Researchers tracked microplastic particles through multiple stages of a wastewater treatment plant, finding that particles were concentrated in sludge but that a fraction passed through each treatment stage and remained in the final effluent.

2016 Water Research 1704 citations
Article Tier 2

Study of occurrence, abundance, and characterization of microplastics in wastewater treatment plant in New Delhi, India

Researchers quantified microplastic prevalence in influent, treated effluent, and sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in New Delhi, finding that MPs are present throughout the treatment process and that the plant incompletely removes them, discharging MPs into receiving waters.

2025 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment