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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to Analytical review of nanoplastic bioaccumulation data and a unified toxicokinetic model: from teleosts to human brain
ClearA critical review of nanoplastic bioaccumulation data and a unified toxicokinetic model: from teleosts to human brain
Researchers developed a toxicokinetic model using teleost fish uptake and depuration data to project how nanoplastics accumulate in human organs over a lifetime of chronic exposure. The model predicted that brain concentrations could reach ecologically concerning levels given current exposure estimates, and identified the gut-to-blood transfer rate as the key parameter governing long-term tissue accumulation.
Analytical review of nanoplastic bioaccumulation data and a unified toxicokinetic model: from teleosts to human brain
Researchers developed a unified mathematical model to describe how nanoplastics accumulate in organs across species, from fish to humans. By analyzing existing uptake and depuration data, they found that nanoplastic accumulation dynamics follow a universal pattern governed by a single parameter related to the body's excretion capacity. The model suggests that reported concentrations of nanoplastics in human organs, particularly the brain, are consistent with predicted accumulation trajectories from environmental exposure.
Predicting Bioaccumulation of Nanomaterials: Modeling Approaches with Challenges
This review examines different computer modeling approaches for predicting how nanomaterials, including nanoplastics, accumulate in living organisms. Traditional models developed for dissolved chemicals often give inaccurate results for nanoparticles because they behave differently in biological systems. Newer machine learning approaches show promise for better predictions, which could help scientists estimate how much nanoplastic actually builds up in the body without needing extensive animal testing.
Human bioaccumulation of micro- and nanoplastics is primarily determined by the organs' vascular volume
This modeling study examined how micro- and nanoplastic bioaccumulation in human organs relates to vascular blood volume, using recently published data showing elevated concentrations in the brain. The authors found that organ-level plastic accumulation is primarily determined by blood supply rather than organ mass or metabolic activity, explaining why highly vascularized organs accumulate disproportionately more particles.
The plastic brain part II: new insights into micro- and nanoplastics neurotoxicity
This systematic review evaluated neurotoxicity evidence from studies on micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) exposure, covering a rapidly growing body of literature. The authors found consistent evidence of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and behavioral disruption across multiple model systems, though dose-response relationships and human relevance remain areas of uncertainty.
Biotransport and toxic effects of micro- and nanoplastics in fish model and their potential risk to humans: A review
This review examines how micro- and nanoplastics enter fish through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, causing damage to multiple organ systems including the brain, heart, and reproductive organs. The particles trigger harmful cellular responses such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The study emphasizes that these pollutants can also reach humans through the food chain, highlighting the need for strategies to reduce plastic contamination in aquatic environments.
From exposure to neurotoxicity induced by micro-nanoplastics with brain accumulation and cognitive decline
This review synthesizes evidence that micro- and nanoplastics can reach the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier or traveling along nerve pathways, accumulating in regions critical for memory and thinking. Animal studies show that chronic exposure leads to cognitive problems, behavioral changes, and brain changes resembling neurodegenerative diseases, driven by oxidative stress, inflammation, and disruption of the gut-brain connection. The findings raise concern that long-term human exposure to nanoplastics through food and air could contribute to cognitive decline and neurological disease.
Towards the development and applications of blood-brain barrier in vitro models for neurotoxicity assessment
Researchers reviewed the current state of in vitro blood-brain barrier models and their utility for evaluating the neurotoxic potential of environmental contaminants including micro- and nanoplastics. The review identifies validation challenges and argues for more human-relevant model systems to close gaps in regulatory neurotoxicity assessment.
A systematic review of the potential neurotoxicity of micro-and nanoplastics: the known and unknown
This critical review of 234 studies found that micro- and nanoplastics can reach the brain via olfactory translocation or by crossing the blood-brain barrier, where they may cause neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, and behavioral changes in animal models. The evidence raises significant concerns about potential neurotoxic effects of chronic microplastic exposure in humans, though major knowledge gaps remain.
Vertebrate response to microplastics, nanoplastics and co-exposed contaminants: Assessing accumulation, toxicity, behaviour, physiology, and molecular changes
This review summarizes research on how microplastics and nanoplastics affect vertebrate animals, finding that these particles can cross biological barriers, accumulate in organs including the brain, and cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and behavioral changes. A major concern highlighted is transgenerational harm, where toxic effects appear in offspring that were never directly exposed. The review underscores the need for more research on long-term, low-dose exposure that mirrors real-world human conditions.
Microplastics, neurotoxicity, and food safety: risk assessment of plastic materials in contact with food
This thesis investigated the neurotoxic risk of PVC-derived nano- and microplastics from food contact materials, using particle characterization, physiologically based kinetic modeling, and pharmacological pathway analysis. Predicted brain concentrations at realistic dietary exposure levels approached thresholds associated with neurological effects.
Insights into the toxic effects of micro-nano-plastics on the human brain and their relationship with the onset of neurological diseases: A narrative review.
This review examined toxic effects of micro and nano-plastics (MNPs) on the human brain, linking MNP exposure to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and progression toward neurodegenerative diseases. The authors synthesized evidence from cell studies, animal models, and emerging human data.
The neurotoxic threat of micro- and nanoplastics: evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo models
This systematic review examined 26 studies showing that micro- and nanoplastics can cross into the brain, damage neurons, and trigger inflammation in lab and animal models. These findings raise concerns that long-term plastic exposure could contribute to neurological problems in humans, though more research is needed.
Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Brain: A Scoping Review Protocol on Their Presence, Neurotoxic Effects, and Implications for Human Health
This scoping review protocol maps scientific evidence on the presence of micro- and nanoplastics in the brain, their neurotoxic effects, and implications for human health, drawing from both human studies and experimental models. The protocol follows JBI methodology to systematically chart available evidence.
A review on micro- and nanoplastics in humans: Implication for their translocation of barriers and potential health effects
This review compiles evidence showing that micro- and nanoplastics have been found in human blood, lungs, placenta, and other organs, and can cross protective barriers including the blood-brain and placental barriers. The accumulated evidence links these particles to inflammation, oxidative stress, hormone disruption, and potential effects on reproduction and brain health, though more research is needed to determine exact risk levels.
Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Brain: A Scoping Review Protocol on Their Presence, Neurotoxic Effects, and Implications for Human Health
This scoping review protocol outlines a systematic approach to mapping scientific evidence on the presence of micro- and nanoplastics in the brain, their neurotoxic effects, and potential implications for human health. The review will chart findings from both human studies and experimental models to identify key mechanisms, affected brain regions, and knowledge gaps in this emerging field.
Crossing barriers – tracking micro- and nanoplastic pathways into the human brain
Researchers tracked potential pathways by which micro- and nanoplastics may enter the human brain, examining both in vitro cell models and post-mortem brain tissue. They found that human monocytes rapidly internalized polystyrene particles into endocytic vesicles and mitochondria, and detected plastic particles in brain tissue samples, providing evidence that nanoplastics may be capable of crossing brain barriers.
Toxicological Research on Nano and Microplastics in Environmental Pollution: Current Advances and Future Directions
This review summarizes existing research on how nano- and microplastics from our massive global plastic production enter aquatic environments, absorb harmful chemicals, and move through food chains into living organisms. Studies show these particles can cause brain damage, disrupt metabolism, trigger inflammation, and produce harmful oxidative stress in aquatic species, with microplastics even detected in commercial fish that people eat.
A Hybrid Perfusion-Diffusion based PBK model for the distribution of nano- and microplastics in the human body
Researchers developed a hybrid physiologically-based kinetic model to predict the distribution of nano- and microplastic particles in the human body after ingestion. The model integrates perfusion and diffusion processes to estimate tissue-specific particle concentrations across different exposure scenarios.
Unraveling the micro- and nanoplastic predicament: A human-centric insight
This review summarizes what is currently known about micro- and nanoplastic exposure in humans, covering how particles circulate in the environment and accumulate in over 15 different human organs and tissues. The authors analyzed data from 91 toxicity studies and evaluated whether the plastic types and sizes used in experiments reflect real-world human exposure. The review highlights that while evidence of human plastic accumulation is growing, more research with environmentally realistic conditions is needed to truly understand health risks.
Bioaccumulo di microplastiche e nanoplastiche nel cervello umano
This study examines the growing body of evidence on microplastic and nanoplastic accumulation in the human brain. Researchers note that a 2025 study in Nature Medicine found brain concentrations approximately 10 times higher than in liver and kidneys, with levels doubling over an eight-year period. The evidence indicates a potential correlation between high plastic concentrations in brain tissue and dementia, though more research is needed to establish causation.
Micro- and nanoplastics: origin, sources of intake and impact on human health (literature review)
This literature review synthesizes mechanisms by which micro- and nanoplastics interact with living organisms, examining their physicochemical properties, routes of human exposure, and documented health effects across multiple organ systems.
Evidence on Invasion of Blood, Adipose Tissues, Nervous System and Reproductive System of Mice After a Single Oral Exposure: Nanoplastics versus Microplastics.
Researchers found that after a single oral exposure in mice, nanoplastics were rapidly absorbed into the blood, accumulated in fat tissues, and crossed both the blood-brain and blood-testis barriers. The study demonstrated that the distribution and behavior of plastic particles in mammals is strongly dependent on particle size, with nanoplastics showing substantially greater tissue penetration than microplastics.
Effects of Nanoplastics on Human Health: A Comprehensive Study
This comprehensive review examines the diverse health effects of nanoplastics, drawing on toxicology, environmental science, and epidemiology to document how these particles interact with human biological systems. The authors conclude that nanoplastics represent a growing public health concern requiring further investigation.