Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Autofluorescence of Model Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics for Cell Interaction Studies

Researchers produced model PET nanoplastics through mechanical fragmentation and characterized their autofluorescence properties, enabling label-free tracking of nanoplastic interactions with biological systems without the artifacts introduced by fluorescent dyes.

2022 Nanomaterials 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Fabrication and characterization of (fluorescent) model nanoplastics for polymer specific detection

Scientists developed fluorescently labeled model nanoplastics that mimic the properties of real plastic particles, enabling polymer-specific identification at very small scales. These standardized reference particles are a key research tool because nanoplastics are otherwise extremely difficult to detect and characterize in environmental samples.

2026 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Size-Controlled Preparation of Polyethylene Nanoplastic Particles by Nanoprecipitation and Insights into the Underlying Mechanisms

Researchers developed a size-controlled method for preparing polyethylene nanoplastic model particles using nanoprecipitation, investigating how polymer solution concentration and volume affect particle size. The study provides a reliable approach for producing well-characterized polyolefin nanoplastics for use in toxicological and environmental research, addressing the previous lack of appropriate model particles for studying the risks of these prevalent plastic contaminants.

2023 ACS Omega 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Fabrication of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanoparticles with fluorescent tracers for studies in mammalian cells

Fluorescent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 158 nm were synthesized in a bottom-up approach for use as research tools. Concentration-dependent uptake and cytotoxicity were demonstrated in macrophages, providing well-characterized PET nanoplastic models for studying cellular interactions.

2020 Nanoscale Advances 52 citations
Article Tier 2

Fluorescent plastic nanoparticles to track their interaction and fate in physiological environments

This study developed fluorescently labeled plastic nanoparticles made from PET, polypropylene, and polystyrene that can be tracked in biological environments to study how nanoplastics are taken up and processed by living organisms. Having trackable model nanoplastics is an important tool for understanding how these particles move through tissues and food chains.

2020 Environmental Science Nano 38 citations
Article Tier 2

Fabrication and characterization of (fluorescent) model nanoplastics for polymer specific detection

This study developed and characterized fluorescent model nanoplastics that can be tracked and identified by polymer type, providing standardized reference particles for laboratory research. Reliable model nanoplastics are critical tools for toxicology experiments — without them, it is difficult to compare results across studies or understand which plastic types pose the greatest biological risk.

2026 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Labeling of PET and PP nanoplastic test materials with non-leachable π-conjugated fluorescent polymers

Researchers produced fluorescently labeled PET and PP nanoplastic particles using co-precipitation with a conjugated polymer dye, achieving over 85% dye internalization and submicron particle sizes, and demonstrated their use for measuring cell uptake while overcoming dosimetry challenges posed by buoyant particles.

2026
Article Tier 2

Preparation of Well-Defined Fluorescent Nanoplastic Particles by Confined Impinging Jet Mixing

Researchers developed a simple and reproducible method for producing well-defined fluorescent nanoplastic particles using a technique called confined impinging jet mixing. The method can create particles from different polymer types with controllable sizes and built-in fluorescent labels for easy tracking in experiments. These standardized reference materials are valuable for researchers studying how nanoplastics behave in the environment and interact with living organisms.

2023 Environmental Science & Technology 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Production and Characterization of Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoparticles

Researchers developed a simple, scalable milling method for producing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanoparticles from commercial pellets for use in laboratory toxicology and environmental studies. The method avoids the need for liquid nitrogen and produces representative model nanoplastics at low cost with high yield. The study addresses a key barrier in nanoplastics research by providing accessible reference particles that more closely resemble environmental plastic debris.

2021 Polymers 52 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessing the effects of luminescently labelled and non-labelled PET nanoparticles on environmental bacteria

Researchers created fluorescently labeled PET nanoparticles to study how tiny plastic fragments from everyday products affect bacteria in the environment. They found that PET nanoparticles adhered to bacterial cells, altered their ability to use different carbon sources, and affected biofilm formation. The study demonstrates a new visualization technique for tracking nanoplastics in biological samples and reveals that even nanoscale plastic particles can influence microbial behavior.

2025 Chemosphere 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) micro- and nanoparticle contaminants in marine sediments and other environmental matrices

Researchers developed and validated a method to quantify PET (polyethylene terephthalate) micro- and nanoparticles in marine sediments and other environmental matrices using chemical digestion and fluorescence detection. This polymer-specific quantification approach addresses a gap in methods for tracking one of the world's most widely used plastics in the environment.

2019 Journal of Hazardous Materials 65 citations
Article Tier 2

Harnessing PET to track micro- and nanoplastics in vivo

This study explores the use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to track micro- and nanoplastic particles in living organisms. Researchers developed methods to radiolabel plastic particles, enabling accurate determination of how these pollutants move through the body, which is critical for understanding the health effects of chronic microplastic exposure.

2021 Scientific Reports 58 citations
Article Tier 2

Developing nano plastics models to study their fate in the environment.

Researchers developed nanoplastic model particles with defined properties to study their behavior and fate in environmental systems. Standardized nanoplastic models are needed because naturally occurring nanoplastics are difficult to isolate and characterize for controlled experiments.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Developing nano plastics models to study their fate in the environment.

Researchers synthesized nanoplastic model particles with well-defined properties to study their environmental fate and transport under controlled conditions. Standardized nanoplastic models allow more reproducible experiments and help bridge the gap between lab studies and real-world nanoplastic behavior.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Development and Application of Nanoparticle-Nanopolymer Composite Spheres for the Study of Environmental Processes

This study developed labeled synthetic nanoplastic particles with built-in chemical, isotopic, or fluorescent tracers to allow precise tracking of plastic particle fate and behavior in complex environmental and biological samples. These standardized tracer particles address a key bottleneck in microplastic research by enabling more sensitive and selective detection in real-world matrices.

2021 Frontiers in Toxicology 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Synthesis of model polyethylene particles for the study of nanoplastics in the oceans

Researchers synthesized model polyethylene nanoplastic particles to serve as reference materials for studying the behavior and fate of nanoplastics in ocean environments, addressing the gap created by the lack of standardized particles representative of naturally fragmented marine plastic debris.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Synthesis of 14C‐Labeled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Generation of 14C‐Nanoparticles for Fate and Disposition Studies

Researchers developed a method to synthesize carbon-14 labeled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and generate radiolabeled nanoparticles for tracking plastic fate in biological systems. The approach combines polycondensation chemistry with nanoprecipitation to produce well-characterized nanoparticles. This tool could enable researchers to study how PET micro- and nanoplastics are absorbed and distributed in the tissues of food animals, addressing a major knowledge gap in understanding plastic exposure through the food chain.

2025 Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Fluorescent nanoplastics: What steps are needed towards a representative toolkit?

This review critically examines strategies for creating and using fluorescent nanoplastics in research, noting that commonly used commercial polystyrene beads are not representative of environmental nanoplastics. The study recommends alternative approaches for producing more realistic fluorescent model particles and provides a roadmap to help researchers select appropriate methods for their specific applications.

2025 Microplastics and Nanoplastics 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Testing laboratory protocols for micro- and nano-PET particles preparation by bottom-up chemical and top-down physical methods and implications for environmental studies

Researchers tested and compared chemical and physical methods for producing PET micro- and nanoparticles in the laboratory, evaluating each approach's ability to control particle size, shape, and purity. They found that each method has distinct trade-offs, with top-down grinding producing irregularly shaped particles more representative of environmental debris while bottom-up chemical methods offer better size control. The study provides practical guidance for standardizing how reference plastic particles are prepared for environmental research.

2025 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Generating Tagged Micro‐ and Nanoparticles of Poly(ethylene furanoate) and Poly(ethylene terephthalate) as Reference Materials

Researchers developed methods for generating fluorescently tagged micro- and nanoparticles of poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) as reference materials for environmental and biological detection studies. The tagged particles were designed to overcome the detection limit challenges posed by these emerging polymers in environmental samples and tissues, particularly for PEF, which is not yet commercially exploited at scale.

2025 Macromolecular Rapid Communications
Article Tier 2

Fluorescent labelling as a tool for identifying and quantifying nanoplastics

Researchers used fluorescent labeling with four fluorescent molecules to enable detection of nanoplastics from six common polymer types (PP, LDPE, HDPE, PS, PET, PVC) via 3D fluorescence spectral analysis. The method provides a practical approach to identifying and quantifying nanoplastics in samples where conventional spectroscopic methods face sensitivity challenges.

2024 RSC Advances 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Preparation of Nanoplastic Particles as Potential Standards for the Study of Nanoplastics

Researchers developed methods to prepare well-defined nanoplastic particles as potential reference standards for nanoplastic research, addressing the critical shortage of reliable materials for toxicity studies and analytical method validation. The study characterized the size, shape, and surface properties of the produced particles to confirm their suitability as standards.

2024 YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 1 citations
Article Tier 2

A quality-by-design inspired approach to develop PET and PP nanoplastic test materials for use in in vitro and in vivo biological assays

Researchers developed a quality-by-design approach for producing standardized PET and polypropylene nanoplastic test materials suitable for biological assays. The study provides a systematic framework for generating consistent nanoplastic particles for use in both in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies.

2025 Environmental Science Nano 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Preparation of Nanoscale Particles of Five Major Polymers as Potential Standards for the Study of Nanoplastics

Researchers developed a precipitation-based method for preparing nanoscale particles of five major polymers, creating standardized reference materials needed for studying nanoplastic distribution and toxicity in the environment.

2021 Small 41 citations