Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Detection of microplastics in the human penis

In the first study to look for microplastics in human penile tissue, researchers detected plastic particles in 80% of samples from six men undergoing surgery, with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene being the most common types. This finding adds the penis to the growing list of human organs where microplastics have been found, raising questions about potential effects on male reproductive health.

2024 International Journal of Impotence Research 44 citations
Article Tier 2

Identification and analysis of microplastics in para-tumor and tumor of human prostate

Researchers detected microplastics in both tumor and surrounding tissue from 22 prostate cancer patients, with polystyrene found exclusively in tumor tissue. Larger microplastic particles were more common in tumors, and higher microplastic levels correlated with more advanced cancer stages, suggesting a potential link between microplastic accumulation and prostate cancer progression.

2024 EBioMedicine 57 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and prostate cancer.

Scientists found tiny plastic particles called microplastics in prostate tissue from 9 out of 10 men with prostate cancer, with higher amounts in cancerous tissue compared to healthy tissue. While this small study doesn't prove that microplastics cause cancer, it suggests these particles from everyday plastic items may accumulate in our bodies and could potentially play a role in disease. More research is needed to understand if microplastics truly increase cancer risk or if they're just more likely to build up in already-diseased tissue.

2026 Journal of Clinical Oncology
Article Tier 2

Detection and quantification of microplastics in various types of human tumor tissues

Researchers detected microplastics in 43% of tumor samples across lung, gastric, colorectal, cervical, and pancreatic cancers, with polystyrene, PVC, and polyethylene being the types found. In pancreatic tumors, microplastic presence was associated with fewer immune cells that fight cancer and more immune cells linked to tumor progression, suggesting microplastics may create conditions that help tumors evade the immune system.

2024 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 62 citations
Article Tier 2

Detection and characterization of microplastics in the human testis and semen

Researchers detected microplastics in both human testis tissue and semen samples for the first time, finding an average of about 12 particles per gram in testis and different plastic types in semen. Polystyrene dominated in testis while polyethylene and PVC were most common in semen, providing critical evidence that microplastics can pollute the male reproductive system and raising concerns about potential fertility impacts.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 390 citations
Article Tier 2

Identification and analysis of microplastics in peritumoral and tumor tissues of colorectal cancer

Researchers examined tumor and surrounding tissue from colorectal cancer patients and found a diverse range of microplastics, including PVC and polyethylene, with tumor tissues containing a greater variety and higher distribution of microplastics than adjacent healthy tissue. A protein called clathrin that helps cells absorb materials was highly active in the cancer tissue, suggesting it may facilitate microplastic uptake and pointing to a potential link between microplastic exposure and colorectal cancer development.

2025 Scientific Reports 16 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic changes during the development of cervical cancer and its effects on the metabolomic profiles of cancer tissues

Researchers found microplastics in cervical cancer tissue, with polyethylene and polypropylene being the most common types, and levels increased as the cancer progressed to more advanced stages. The microplastics appeared to alter the chemical environment within the cancer tissue, suggesting they may play a role in how cervical cancer develops, though more research is needed to confirm a causal link.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 20 citations
Article Tier 2

The first reported values of microplastics in prostate

This is the first study to confirm the presence of microplastics in human prostate tissue, serving as an initial exploratory finding. While the sample size was small, the discovery opens the door to further research on whether microplastic accumulation in the prostate could be linked to prostate health conditions.

2024 BMC Urology 23 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro(nano)plastics pollution and human health: How plastics can induce carcinogenesis to humans?

This review examines how microplastics and nanoplastics enter the human body through food, water, and air, and how they may contribute to cancer development. Common plastic types like polystyrene and PVC, along with toxic chemicals they carry such as PAHs and PCBs, have been linked to DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation, all of which can promote cancer. The paper highlights that while the evidence is growing, more research is needed to understand the full cancer risk from chronic microplastic exposure.

2022 Chemosphere 367 citations
Article Tier 2

Microscopic menace: exploring the link between microplastics and cancer pathogenesis

This review examines the growing evidence linking microplastic exposure to cancer development in humans. Microplastics can accumulate in the body and trigger inflammation, oxidative stress, and other biological changes associated with tumor growth. While more clinical research is needed, the review highlights that microplastics should be taken seriously as a potential factor in cancer risk.

2025 Environmental Science Processes & Impacts 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Detection and analysis of microplastics in tissues and blood of human cervical cancer patients

In the first study of its kind, researchers detected 13 types of microplastics in the blood, tumor tissue, and surrounding tissue of cervical cancer patients using Raman spectroscopy. Microplastic levels were higher in cancerous tissue than in nearby healthy tissue, and factors like age, BMI, and bottled water consumption correlated with greater microplastic abundance, suggesting a possible link between plastic exposure and reproductive health.

2024 Environmental Research 60 citations
Article Tier 2

Multimodal detection and analysis of microplastics in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Researchers used multiple detection methods to analyze microplastics in tumor and normal kidney tissue from patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. They found that tumor tissues contained significantly higher levels of total microplastics, particularly polyethylene and PVC, compared to surrounding normal tissue. Gene expression analysis revealed that patients with higher microplastic levels showed activation of signaling pathways associated with tumor progression, suggesting a potential link worth further investigation.

2025 Environmental Pollution 4 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

The clinical relevance of microplastic exposure on colorectal cancer: A systematic review

This systematic review of four studies found that microplastic accumulation in colorectal cancer tissue (25.9-32.2 particles/g) was significantly higher than in healthy controls, with polyamide, polycarbonate, and polypropylene as the most common polymers detected. While a causal relationship has not been established, the evidence points to microplastics as a potential environmental factor in colorectal cancer development.

2025 Cancer Epidemiology 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Characterization of Microplastics in Human Gastric Cancer and Control Tissues and Analysis of Associated Genetic Features

Researchers detected and characterized microplastics in human gastric cancer tissue and adjacent healthy tissue, finding significantly higher microplastic concentrations in cancer tissue, and used transcriptome sequencing to explore potential molecular mechanisms linking microplastic exposure to gastric cancer development.

2025 Advanced Healthcare Materials
Article Tier 2

Comparative Analysis of Physical and Polymer Characteristics of Microplastics Detected in Human Colorectal Cancer Samples From the United States and Malaysia

Researchers compared the physical and chemical characteristics of microplastics found in colorectal cancer tissue samples from patients in the United States and Malaysia. Microplastics were detected in samples from both populations, with some similarities in polymer types but also distinct differences in particle size and shape between the two groups. The study adds to growing evidence that microplastics accumulate in human tissues, though more research is needed to understand any potential health implications.

2025 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Evaluating the relationship between microplastics and nanoplastics contamination and diverse cancer types development

This review examines growing evidence that micro- and nanoplastics found in human tissues may contribute to cancer development through several pathways. These tiny particles can generate harmful molecules called reactive oxygen species, cause chronic inflammation, and disrupt cell growth signals, all of which are known to promote cancer. While long-term, high-level exposure likely poses the greatest risk, more research is needed to understand the full cancer-related dangers of microplastic exposure.

2025 Environmental Pollution 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and cancer

This review examines evidence linking microplastics to cancer risk, noting that microplastics have been detected at higher concentrations in human tumor tissues than adjacent healthy tissue, and that they can act as vectors for carcinogens while inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and genotoxicity.

2025 European Journal of Cancer Prevention
Article Tier 2

The Relationship Between Microplastics and Nanoplastics with Cancer: An Emerging Health Concern

This review explores the emerging relationship between micro- and nanoplastic exposure and cancer risk in humans. Researchers summarized evidence suggesting that microplastics can carry carcinogenic substances and may trigger inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways linked to tumor development. The study highlights that while early evidence raises concern, more research is needed to establish clear causal connections between plastic particle exposure and specific cancer types.

2024 International Journal of Hematology and Oncology 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic presence in dog and human testis and its potential association with sperm count and weights of testis and epididymis

Researchers found microplastics in every dog and human testis sample tested, with human testes containing nearly three times more plastic than dog testes. Polyethylene was the dominant plastic type in both species, and certain plastics like PVC and PET were associated with lower testis weight. These findings suggest that widespread microplastic contamination of the male reproductive system could be contributing to declining sperm counts.

2024 Toxicological Sciences 179 citations
Article Tier 2

Tissue accumulation of microplastics and potential health risks in human

Researchers analyzed human tissues and found microplastics in every sample tested, with lungs containing the highest concentration at about 14 particles per gram, followed by the small intestine, large intestine, and tonsils. PVC was the most common plastic type found, and women had significantly more microplastic particles than men, raising concerns about long-term health effects.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 199 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic accumulation in endometrial cancer tissues and its metabolic impact

Researchers examined microplastic levels in endometrial cancer tissues compared to normal tissue and found that cancer tissues contained significantly higher concentrations of plastic particles. The most common plastics detected were polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. Metabolic analysis revealed that microplastic presence was associated with changes in cancer-related metabolic pathways, suggesting that microplastics may play a role in promoting tumor development through metabolic reprogramming.

2025 Environmental Pollution 3 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

From Exposure to Oncogenesis: the Role of Microplastics and Associated Pollutants in Cancer - a Literature Review

This literature review examined the growing evidence linking microplastic exposure to cancer development. Microplastics have been found in human lung, liver, and colon tissue, and research suggests they may promote cancer through chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and by carrying known carcinogens like heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants into the body.

2025 International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science
Article Tier 2

From exposure to oncogenesis: a review on the multifaceted roles of microplastics in tumor initiation and progression

This review examined the evidence linking microplastic exposure to tumor initiation and progression, covering physical, chemical, and inflammatory mechanisms by which MPs may promote oncogenesis. The authors conclude that while current evidence is largely preclinical, accumulating data warrant serious concern about microplastics as environmental carcinogens.

2025 Journal of Translational Medicine
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Contamination: A Rising Environmental Crisis With Potential Oncogenic Implications

This review examines how microplastics detected in human tissues — blood, placenta, and organs — may act as vectors for carcinogens, including adsorbed heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, and discusses emerging evidence linking MP accumulation to oncogenic processes.

2025 Cureus