Multimodal detection and analysis of microplastics in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed in the environment, and their potential effects on human health are gaining increasing attention. Yet the relationship between MPs and Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unexplored. The types and composition of MPs varied between tumor and normal tissues analyzed by laser direct infrared spectroscopy (LDIR), scanning electron microscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Notably, fluororubber levels were elevated in the tumor tissues. Tumor tissues exhibited significantly higher levels of total MPs, PE, and PVC compared to normal tissues. Transcriptomic sequencing analysis showed in the MPs high group, upregulated genes were significantly enriched in signaling pathways associated with tumor progression, accompanied by remodeling of the immune microenvironment. A positive correlation was observed between hemoglobin levels and the abundance of total MPs, while thrombin time showed a negative correlation. Furthermore, higher MPs levels were associated with males, individuals living in urban areas, working indoors, and wearing masks compared to other groups. This study revealed the widespread presence of MPs in ccRCC, highlighting significant differences in abundance and composition between tumor and normal tissues. These findings provide a novel perspective on the potential health risks posed by MPs and offer valuable insights into promoting healthier lifestyles.