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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to Synergistic toxic mechanisms of microplastics and triclosan via multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) inhibition–mediated autophagy in the freshwater water flea Daphnia magna
ClearMicroplastic potentiates triclosan toxicity to the marine copepodAcartia tonsa(Dana)
Researchers tested whether microplastics worsen the toxicity of triclosan — an antimicrobial chemical — on marine copepods, finding that microplastic potentiated triclosan's toxic effects, suggesting that microplastics can increase the harm of co-occurring chemical contaminants.
Interactions of microplastics and organic compounds in aquatic environments: A case study of augmented joint toxicity
Researchers investigated how polystyrene microplastics interact with the antimicrobial compound triclosan in simulated environmental and cellular conditions. They found that surface-functionalized microplastics adsorbed significantly more triclosan and released it under cellular conditions, with the combination producing greater toxicity to human intestinal cells than either contaminant alone. The study suggests that microplastics can amplify the harmful effects of co-occurring organic pollutants.
Adsorption behavior of triclosan on microplastics and their combined acute toxicity to D. magna
Researchers studied how the antibacterial chemical triclosan attaches to different types of microplastics in water and tested their combined toxicity on water fleas. They found that triclosan readily adsorbed onto polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene microplastics, with the process influenced by water chemistry factors like pH and salt content. When water fleas were exposed to microplastics carrying triclosan, the combined toxicity was greater than from either contaminant alone.
Insights into the synergistic toxicity mechanisms caused by nano- and microplastics with triclosan using a dose-dependent functional genomics approach in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Researchers used yeast functional genomics to investigate the combined toxicity of polystyrene nano- and microplastics with the antimicrobial compound triclosan. They found that the combined exposure produced synergistic toxic effects that were more harmful than either contaminant alone, disrupting cellular processes related to membrane integrity and protein function. The study provides molecular-level evidence that microplastics may amplify the toxicity of co-occurring chemical pollutants.
An Ecotoxicological Assessment of the Impact of Microplastics on Daphnia magna using Acute and Chronic Toxicity Endpoints with a Focus on Stress Behaviour
Laboratory tests on Daphnia magna (a key freshwater zooplankton) found that polyethylene microbeads alone at environmentally realistic concentrations did not cause significant harm, but when combined with the antimicrobial chemical triclocarban, microplastics appeared to increase toxicity. This suggests microplastics may act as carriers that enhance the effects of co-pollutants even when the plastics themselves seem harmless in isolation.
An Ecotoxicological Assessment of the Impact of Microplastics on Daphnia magna using Acute and Chronic Toxicity Endpoints with a Focus on Stress Behaviour
Laboratory tests on Daphnia magna (a key freshwater zooplankton) found that polyethylene microbeads alone at environmentally realistic concentrations did not cause significant harm, but when combined with the antimicrobial chemical triclocarban, microplastics appeared to increase toxicity. This suggests microplastics may act as carriers that enhance the effects of co-pollutants even when the plastics themselves seem harmless in isolation.
Toxic effects of triclosan in aquatic organisms: A review focusing on single and combined exposure of environmental conditions and pollutants
This review examines how triclosan, an antibacterial chemical found in many personal care products, harms aquatic organisms both on its own and in combination with other pollutants including microplastics. When triclosan and microplastics are present together in water, they can produce combined toxic effects that are worse than either alone. Since triclosan is widely used and microplastics are everywhere, their interaction in the environment is an important consideration for both ecosystem and human health.
Combined toxic effects of polystyrene microplastic and benzophenone-4 on the bioaccumulation, feeding, growth, and reproduction of Daphnia magna
Researchers examined the combined toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics and the UV filter chemical benzophenone-4 on water fleas over 21 days. They found that exposure to both contaminants together caused greater harm to feeding, growth, and reproduction than either pollutant alone. The study demonstrates that microplastics and personal care product chemicals can interact to amplify their negative effects on freshwater organisms.
Combined toxicity of perfluoroalkyl substances and microplastics on the sentinel species Daphnia magna: Implications for freshwater ecosystems
This study tested how PFAS chemicals (common industrial pollutants) and PET microplastics affect water fleas, both alone and together. The combination caused worse developmental and reproductive problems than either pollutant alone, and organisms with prior chemical exposure history responded differently, showing that microplastics can amplify the harm of other environmental contaminants in ways that are difficult to predict.
Acute toxicity of triclosan, caffeine, nanoplastics, microplastics, and their mixtures on Daphnia magna
Researchers tested the acute toxicity of triclosan, caffeine, nanoplastics, and microplastics individually and in mixtures on the water flea Daphnia magna. They found that nanoplastics were more toxic than microplastics, and mixtures of these pollutants with triclosan or caffeine produced varying levels of combined toxicity. The study highlights that environmental pollutants rarely occur in isolation, and their mixtures may have unpredictable effects on aquatic organisms.
Microplastics and associated emerging contaminants in the environment: Analysis, sorption mechanisms and effects of co-exposure
Researchers reviewed how microplastics act as carriers for other environmental pollutants — including antibiotics, PFAS, and triclosan — absorbing them from surrounding water and potentially delivering higher doses to organisms that ingest the plastic, with combined toxicity effects that can be either amplified or reduced depending on the combination.
Changes in population fitness and gene co-expression networks reveal the boosted impact of toxic cyanobacteria on Daphnia magna through microplastic exposure
Researchers found that exposing the water flea Daphnia magna to both toxic cyanobacteria and microplastics together produced worse health effects than either stressor alone, reducing population fitness and altering gene expression patterns. The study suggests that as plastic pollution and harmful algal blooms increasingly overlap in lakes and rivers, aquatic organisms may face compounding threats that are greater than the sum of their parts.
New insight into intestinal toxicity accelerated by aged microplastics with triclosan: Inflammation regulation by gut microbiota-bile acid axis
Researchers exposed frogs to aged microplastics carrying triclosan, an antimicrobial chemical commonly found in personal care products, and found the combination was more toxic to the gut than either pollutant alone. The microplastics increased triclosan absorption in the gut by 89%, disrupting gut bacteria and bile acid metabolism, which led to intestinal inflammation. This study shows that microplastics can act as carriers that amplify the harmful effects of other chemicals already present in the environment.
First insight of the intergenerational effects of tri-n-butyl phosphate and polystyrene microplastics to Daphnia magna
Researchers studied the combined effects of polystyrene microplastics and the flame retardant tributyl phosphate on water fleas across multiple generations. They found that co-exposure caused more severe impacts on survival, growth, and reproduction than either contaminant alone, with effects persisting into subsequent generations. The study suggests that microplastics carrying adsorbed chemicals may pose compounding risks to aquatic organisms over time.
Combined Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics and Enrofloxacin on the Life Histories and Gut Microbiota of Daphnia magna
Researchers exposed Daphnia magna to polystyrene nanoplastics and the antibiotic enrofloxacin alone and in combination, measuring life history traits and gut microbiota responses. Both stressors individually reduced survival and reproduction, and combined exposure altered the taxonomic composition and metabolic function of gut microbiota more than either contaminant alone.
Action of Surfactants in Driving Ecotoxicity of Microplastic-Nano Metal Oxides Mixtures: A Case Study on Daphnia magna under Different Nutritional Conditions
This study tested how surfactants (found in detergents and cleaning products) interact with microplastics and metal oxide nanoparticles to affect the toxicity of these combined pollutants on water fleas (Daphnia magna). Surfactants increased the toxicity of microplastic-nanoparticle mixtures, and the effect varied with the age and nutritional status of the test organisms. This highlights how the complex real-world mixture of pollutants in waterways can be more harmful than any single contaminant alone.
The synergistic effect of mono and co-exposure of microplastic suspensions on Daphnia magna’s survival, population density, reproduction rate & swimming behavior.
When water fleas (Daphnia magna) were exposed to mixtures of HDPE, LDPE, and polypropylene microplastics together, the combined toxicity was substantially greater than any single polymer alone, with the mixture LC50 dropping to 77 mg/L compared to 109–123 mg/L for individual plastics. This synergistic effect — reducing survival, reproduction, and normal swimming behavior — is an important finding because organisms in nature encounter mixtures of plastic types, not just one at a time.
Unraveling the toxic trio: Combined effects of thifluzamide, enrofloxacin, and microplastics on Mytilus coruscus
Researchers examined the combined effects of the pesticide thifluzamide, the antibiotic enrofloxacin, and polystyrene microplastics on mussels over four weeks. They found that co-exposure increased the accumulation of both chemicals in mussel tissue and worsened oxidative damage, neurotoxicity, and metabolic disruption compared to single exposures. The study suggests that the presence of microplastics in waterways can amplify the harmful effects of pesticides and antibiotics on edible shellfish.
Nanoplastic Ingestion Enhances Toxicity of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Monogonont Rotifer Brachionus koreanus via Multixenobiotic Resistance (MXR) Disruption
Researchers found that nanosized plastic beads accumulated more readily in marine rotifers than microsized particles, causing greater oxidative stress and lipid membrane damage. The nanoplastics also disrupted the organisms' multixenobiotic resistance system, which normally helps expel toxic chemicals, thereby enhancing the toxicity of co-occurring persistent organic pollutants.
Synergistic effect of microplastic fragments and benzophenone‐3 additives on lethal and sublethal Daphnia magna toxicity
Researchers assessed the combined effects of polyethylene microplastic fragments and the UV-filter additive benzophenone-3 on the water flea Daphnia magna. They found that microplastic fragments were significantly more acutely toxic than the dissolved additive alone, and the combination produced synergistic lethal and sublethal effects. The study highlights that microplastic particles carrying chemical additives may pose greater risks to aquatic invertebrates than either stressor in isolation.
Combined effects of triclosan and nanoplastics on reproduction performance, population dynamics, and transcriptome regulation of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis)
Researchers investigated the individual and combined effects of the antimicrobial chemical triclosan and nanoplastics of varying sizes on rotifer reproduction, population dynamics, and gene expression. They found that high-dose triclosan or very small nanoplastics significantly impaired reproductive output and altered biochemical responses. The study suggests that nanoplastics can enhance the toxicity of co-occurring chemical pollutants in marine organisms.
Potential synergistic effects of microplastics and zinc oxide nanoparticles: biochemical and physiological analysis on Astacus leptodactylus
Researchers exposed crayfish to microplastics and zinc oxide nanoparticles, both alone and combined, and found that the combination caused greater harm than either pollutant on its own, including increased liver stress markers and reduced antioxidant defenses. These findings suggest that microplastics may make other common environmental pollutants more toxic when they occur together in waterways that supply food and drinking water.
Meta-analysis unravels the complex combined toxicity of microplastics and antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems
A meta-analysis of 730 datasets found that microplastics amplify antibiotic accumulation in aquatic organisms and worsen effects on growth, development, and immune function, but paradoxically appear to mitigate reproductive toxicity from antibiotics. The impact depends on biological response pathway, microplastic concentration, antibiotic properties, and exposure time, with an inverse relationship between antibiotic toxicity and both microplastic concentration and exposure duration.
Study of the toxicological effects of emerging contaminants on Daphnia similis associating polyethylene microplastics with the agrochemical imidacloprid.
Brazilian researchers tested the ecotoxicological effects of combining polyethylene microplastics with the insecticide imidacloprid on the freshwater crustacean Daphnia, finding combined exposures were more toxic than either pollutant alone. These results suggest that microplastics and pesticides together pose greater risks to aquatic organisms than studies of single pollutants indicate.