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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to Size-dependent toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on the gastrointestinal tract: Oxidative stress related-DNA damage and potential carcinogenicity
ClearNano-plastics and gastric health: Decoding the cytotoxic mechanisms of polystyrene nano-plastics size
Researchers examined how different sizes of polystyrene nanoplastics affect human stomach cells in the laboratory. They found that smaller nanoplastics were more readily taken up by the cells and caused greater damage, including increased oxidative stress and reduced cell survival. The study suggests that nanoplastic particle size plays a critical role in determining their potential impact on gastrointestinal health.
The potential effects of microplastic pollution on human digestive tract cells
Researchers tested polystyrene particles of four different sizes on human colon and small intestine cells to assess the potential effects of microplastic ingestion. They found that the smallest nanoscale particles were more readily taken up by cells and caused greater reductions in cell viability and increased oxidative stress. The study suggests that smaller plastic particles may pose a greater risk to the human digestive tract than larger ones.
Uptake and toxicity of polystyrene micro/nanoplastics in gastric cells: Effects of particle size and surface functionalization
Researchers evaluated the uptake and toxicity of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics in human gastric cells, comparing different sizes and surface treatments. The study found that smaller 50-nanometer particles were taken up at significantly higher rates, with positively charged aminated particles being the most toxic, causing cytotoxicity at lower concentrations and higher rates of cell death.
Polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics induce gastric toxicity through ROS mediated oxidative stress and P62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway
In a mouse study, polystyrene micro and nanoplastics at environmentally relevant doses caused significant stomach damage, including reduced gastric juice and mucus production, weakened stomach barrier function, and increased oxidative stress. The damage was driven by reactive oxygen species triggering a specific cell-signaling pathway that led to cell death. This research suggests that microplastics in food and water could harm stomach health, an organ that gets first exposure when contaminated food is consumed.
Elucidating the Size‐Dependency of In Vitro Digested Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Intestinal Cells Health and Function
Polystyrene microplastics of different sizes were subjected to simulated in vitro digestion and then applied to human intestinal cells, with smaller particles causing greater disruption to cell health and barrier function than larger ones. The results suggest that the smallest microplastics reaching the human gut pose the greatest risk to intestinal integrity.
Polystyrene nanoplastics exposure causes inflammation and death of esophageal cell
Researchers exposed human esophageal cells to polystyrene nanoplastics and found that the particles triggered significant inflammation and cell death. The nanoplastics activated inflammatory signaling pathways and caused oxidative damage to the cells at concentrations relevant to human dietary exposure. The findings raise concerns about the potential effects of nanoplastic contamination in food and drinking water on the upper digestive tract.
Effect of microplastics and nanoplastics in gastrointestinal tract on gut health: A systematic review.
This systematic review of 30 in vitro studies found that microplastics and nanoplastics cause size- and concentration-dependent damage to human gastrointestinal cells, including increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis. Smaller particles consistently showed greater cellular uptake and biological effects, though chronic low-dose exposure generally produced minimal impacts.
Effects of bisphenol A and nanoscale and microscale polystyrene plastic exposure on particle uptake and toxicity in human Caco-2 cells
Researchers studied how human intestinal Caco-2 cells take up polystyrene plastic particles of five different sizes ranging from 300 nanometers to 6 micrometers. The study found that smaller particles were taken up at higher rates and that co-exposure with bisphenol A increased cellular toxicity, suggesting that nanoscale plastics may pose a greater risk to human intestinal cells than larger microplastics.
Polystyrene Microplastics of Varying Sizes and Shapes Induce Distinct Redox and Mitochondrial Stress Responses in a Caco-2 Monolayer
Researchers tested three sizes and shapes of polystyrene microplastics on human intestinal cells and found that all were taken up by the cells, with the smallest particles (200 nm) causing the most pronounced effects on cellular stress responses. The microplastics triggered changes in antioxidant gene expression and mitochondrial activity. The study suggests that the number of particles a cell absorbs, driven largely by particle size, determines the severity of the stress response.
Influence of the digestive process on intestinal toxicity of polystyrene microplastics as determined by in vitro Caco-2 models
Researchers studied how the human digestive process transforms polystyrene microplastics and affects their intestinal toxicity using in vitro Caco-2 cell models. The study found that digestion formed a corona on microplastic surfaces without altering their chemical composition, and that smaller particles (100 nm) showed higher toxicity than larger ones (5 micrometers) regardless of digestive treatment.
Preliminary Study on the Toxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics in Human Colorectal Cells
Researchers tested the toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics on human colorectal cells in the laboratory and found that both 80-nanometer and 500-nanometer particles significantly reduced cell viability and induced programmed cell death. The effects were size- and concentration-dependent, with smaller particles generally causing greater toxicity, providing experimental evidence for evaluating the intestinal health risks of microplastic exposure.
The effects of polystyrene microplastics on human intestinal cells health and function
This study examined how polystyrene microplastics affect normal and cancer intestinal cells, addressing a gap left by previous research that used only cancer cell lines and pristine plastics. The work evaluated microplastic toxicity under more realistic conditions including digestive system biotransformation, assessing effects on nutrient uptake and cellular function.
Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Human Gastrointestinal Models—Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity
This review summarizes current knowledge on how polystyrene nanoplastics affect human gastrointestinal cells at the molecular level. Researchers found that once internalized, these particles can trigger oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, and disruptions to calcium signaling and metabolism. The evidence indicates that nanoplastics interact with biological systems in complex ways that may compromise cellular integrity in the digestive tract.
Nanoplastics induce more severe apoptosis through mitochondrial damage in Caco-2 cells compared to sub-micron plastics
Researchers found that 20 nm polystyrene nanoplastics cause more severe apoptosis in intestinal Caco-2 cells than 200 nm sub-micron plastics, disrupting cell membrane integrity at 80 ug/mL, localizing in lysosomes and mitochondria, and triggering mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways more intensively than larger particles. The study suggests nanoplastic size is a critical determinant of cytotoxicity in the gastrointestinal tract.
The role of gut microbiota in mediating increased toxicity of nano-sized polystyrene compared to micro-sized polystyrene in mice
This mouse study found that nano-sized polystyrene plastics were significantly more toxic than micro-sized ones, causing greater gut inflammation, liver damage, and metabolic disruption. The key difference was driven by how each size affected gut bacteria: nanoplastics caused a more severe shift toward harmful bacteria and away from beneficial ones. The findings suggest that the smallest plastic particles may pose the greatest health risk because they more dramatically disrupt the gut microbiome.
Polystyrene Microplastics Induce Oxidative Stress in Mouse Hepatocytes in Relation to Their Size
Researchers exposed mouse liver cells to polystyrene microplastics of different sizes and found that smaller particles caused more oxidative stress and damage than larger ones. The microplastics disrupted protective antioxidant systems and increased harmful reactive oxygen species inside the cells. This suggests that the smallest microplastic particles may pose the greatest risk to liver health because they can enter cells more easily and cause more internal damage.
Exposure to polystyrene nanoparticles leads to dysfunction in DNA repair mechanisms in Caco-2 cells
Researchers found that exposing intestinal cells (Caco-2) to polystyrene nanoplastics impaired DNA repair mechanisms even at doses that didn't kill the cells, raising concern that nanoplastic exposure could lead to genetic instability and long-term health risks over time.
Polystyrene (nano)microplastics cause size-dependent neurotoxicity, oxidative damage and other adverse effects inCaenorhabditis elegans
Researchers found that polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics cause neurotoxicity and oxidative damage in the model organism C. elegans, with effects varying by particle size. Smaller nanoscale particles tended to cause more severe toxic responses than larger microplastic particles. The study highlights that the size of plastic particles is an important factor in determining how harmful they are to living organisms.
Toxicological effects of nano- and micro-polystyrene plastics on red tilapia: Are larger plastic particles more harmless?
Researchers exposed red tilapia to three sizes of polystyrene particles (0.3, 5, and 70-90 micrometers) to compare their toxic effects. The study found that the largest particles showed the highest accumulation in tissues, but all sizes induced oxidative stress, disrupted cytochrome P450 enzymes, caused neurotoxicity, and altered metabolic profiles, indicating that even smaller nanoplastics can cause significant harm to fish.
Polystyrene nanoplastics promote the apoptosis in Caco-2 cells induced by okadaic acid more than microplastics
Researchers compared how polystyrene nanoplastics and microplastics interact with the marine toxin okadaic acid in human intestinal cells. They found that nanoplastics enhanced the toxicity of okadaic acid significantly more than microplastics, triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death through calcium overload. The study suggests that smaller plastic particles may amplify the harmful effects of co-occurring environmental toxins in the digestive system.
Biological interactions of polystyrene nanoplastics: Their cytotoxic and immunotoxic effects on the hepatic and enteric systems
Researchers exposed mouse and human liver cells and live mice to polystyrene nanoplastics of five different sizes and found that the smallest particles were most toxic in lab dishes, while medium and large particles caused the most liver damage in living animals. The larger particles triggered immune responses by recruiting inflammatory cells to the liver and intestines, causing tissue damage. This study reveals that nanoplastic size matters in unexpected ways, and that lab tests alone may not predict which particles are most dangerous in the body.
Comparative evaluation of molecular mechanisms triggered by differently functionalized polystyrene nanoplastics in human colon cell lines
Researchers compared the molecular mechanisms triggered by polystyrene nanoplastics with different surface functionalization in human colon cell lines. The study examined how surface chemistry of nanoplastic particles influences their biological interactions with intestinal cells, contributing to understanding of how nanoplastics may affect the human gastrointestinal system.
Nano polystyrene microplastics could accumulate in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Negatively impacts on the intestinal and liver health through water exposure
Researchers exposed Nile tilapia fish to polystyrene microplastics of different sizes (ranging from 80 nanometers to 80 micrometers) and found that the smallest particles were most likely to accumulate in the body. The 80-nanometer particles caused the most severe damage to intestinal and liver tissues, disrupting cell growth and triggering inflammation and oxidative stress. The study suggests that nanoscale plastic particles may pose greater health risks to fish than larger microplastics.
Preliminary Study on the Toxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics in Human Colorectal Cells
Researchers evaluated the toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics in two sizes, 80 nanometers and 500 nanometers, on human colorectal cells in laboratory culture. They found that both sizes significantly reduced cell viability, induced cell death, and disrupted the normal cell cycle in a dose-dependent manner. The study provides preliminary evidence that microplastic particles at sizes relevant to human exposure may pose risks to intestinal cell health.