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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to Recyclable, but not recycled—an indicator to quantify the environmental impacts of plastic waste disposal
ClearRecommendations for life-cycle assessment of recyclable plastics in a circular economy
This paper examines how life-cycle assessments of plastic recycling are often conducted inconsistently, leading to misleading conclusions about the environmental benefits of recycling. The authors recommend measuring impacts based on the amount of useful recycled product rather than waste processed, and expanding analysis beyond greenhouse gases to include plastic waste leaking into the environment. Better assessment methods could lead to more effective policies for reducing the plastic waste that ultimately becomes microplastic pollution.
How accurate is plastic end-of-life modeling in LCA? Investigating the main assumptions and deviations for the end-of-life management of plastic packaging
Researchers reviewed 49 life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on plastic packaging disposal and found that most models oversimplify real-world recycling processes and ignore key factors like plastic additives and microplastic generation. These gaps mean current environmental impact estimates for plastic disposal may significantly understate the true ecological costs.
Methodology to address potential impacts of plastic emissions in life cycle assessment
Researchers proposed a new method for including the environmental impact of plastic emissions in life cycle assessments, which currently tend to make plastic products appear less harmful than alternatives. The approach introduces characterization factors based on how long different plastics persist in the environment. The study suggests that accounting for plastic pollution in these assessments could significantly change how the environmental footprint of plastic products is evaluated.
Exploring the EU plastic value chain: A material flow analysis
Researchers conducted a material flow analysis of the EU27 plastic value chain, finding that only 19% of plastics were recycled in 2019, with total losses amounting to 4% of production and significant variation across sectors and polymer types.
A critical review on plastic waste life cycle assessment and management: Challenges, research gaps, and future perspectives
This review examines the full environmental impact of plastics from production through disposal, noting that life cycle assessments often produce unexpected results when comparing bio-based and petroleum-based plastics. A major gap exists because microplastic pollution is not yet factored into these environmental assessments, despite growing evidence of its ecological harm.
Plastic litter in life cycle assessment: Advances of the marine impacts in life cycle assessment international taskforce and application to case studies
Researchers reviewed advances in incorporating marine plastic litter impacts into life cycle assessment, focusing on recently developed indicators for biodiversity and ecosystem quality. The new indicators allow LCA practitioners to account for plastic pollution when comparing product systems and informing design choices.
The capabilities and deficiencies of life cycle assessment to address the plastic problem
This review critically evaluates the capabilities and limitations of life cycle assessment (LCA) as a tool for understanding the full environmental impacts of plastics across their supply chain, from production through end-of-life disposal. The authors argue that LCA can contextualize plastic impacts relative to alternative materials and reveal invisible environmental costs throughout the plastic life cycle, while also identifying key deficiencies in current LCA methodology for addressing plastic pollution.
Minimizing the environmental impacts of plastic through eco-design
Researchers developed a sustainability metric for eco-designing plastic products with low environmental persistence by integrating the environmental degradation rate of plastics into established material selection frameworks. The approach allows designers to compare materials on both functional performance and environmental persistence using material property indices.
Assessing the environmental footprint of recycled plastic pellets: A life-cycle assessment perspective
This study used life-cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental impact of producing recycled plastic pellets from waste polyolefin plastics. While recycling reduced carbon emissions compared to making new plastic, the process still required significant energy, especially when solvent recovery was maximized. The research is relevant to the microplastics problem because it shows that even recycling processes need optimization to truly reduce the environmental footprint of plastic waste.
Recycling of Plastics as a Strategy to Reduce Life Cycle GHG Emission, Microplastics and Resource Depletion
This study quantified the environmental benefits of recycling widely consumed plastic polymers, demonstrating that increased plastic recycling significantly reduces life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, microplastic pollution, and resource depletion.
Bio-based plastics in a circular economy: A review of recovery pathways and implications for product design
Researchers reviewed how bio-based plastics — made from renewable plant sources — can be recovered and recycled at end-of-life, finding that the feasibility of eight different recovery methods depends heavily not just on plastic chemistry but on how products are designed, and offering guidance for designers to improve recyclability.
Accelerating Plastic Circularity: A Critical Assessment of the Pathways and Processes to Circular Plastics
A critical assessment of plastic circularity pathways found that today only 9% of global plastic waste is recycled, with current circularity routes economically unviable, and argues that improving product design and collection and sorting system effectiveness are the most impactful levers for progress.
Life Cycle Assessment in a Nutshell—Best Practices and Status Quo for the Plastic Sector
This paper reviewed life cycle assessment (LCA) best practices as applied to the plastics sector, aiming to make LCA methodology more accessible to non-experts and improve environmental decision-making across the plastic value chain.
Potentials and limits of mechanical plastic recycling
Researchers modeled the future of plastic recycling in Switzerland through 2040, finding that even with improved waste collection and product design, mechanical recycling rates can only reach about 31% of plastic waste — reducing the carbon footprint of plastics by roughly one quarter. The study highlights that material complexity, contamination, and inaccessibility are major barriers, and that mechanical recycling alone cannot solve the plastic pollution crisis.
Monitor circulaire plastics. Methodologie en nulmeting
Researchers developed a methodology and baseline measurement for a circular plastics monitor in the Netherlands, establishing quantitative indicators to track progress toward a circular plastic value chain and enabling repeat measurements over time.
Sustainable Management of Organic Waste and Recycling for Bioplastics: A LCA Approach for the Italian Case Study
Researchers used life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental trade-offs of collecting organic waste for biodegradable plastic production in Italy, finding that the system could reduce fossil resource use but that impacts depended heavily on collection efficiency and the end-of-life pathway chosen.
The U.S. plastics recycling economy :
This NIST report analyzes the current state of US plastics recycling, comparing state and international recycling programs, examining incentives and barriers for different stakeholders, and evaluating the potential of chemical recycling to supplement mechanical recycling.
The (Mis)Understanding of the Symbol Associated with Recycling on Plastic Containers in the US: A Brief Report
A US survey found that over 80% of respondents incorrectly believed that the recycling symbol on plastic containers means the item is recyclable, when it actually just identifies the plastic resin type. This widespread misunderstanding likely contributes to wishful recycling and contamination of recycling streams. Better labeling and public education are needed to improve actual plastic recycling rates.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Plastic Waste Management Scenarios in the Canadian Context
Using life cycle assessment, this Canadian study compared current plastic waste management against two alternative scenarios and found that shifting away from landfill-dominated disposal could significantly cut environmental impacts including greenhouse gas emissions. The findings underscore that how we manage plastic waste matters as much as how much plastic we produce, with implications for future policy.
Expanding plastics recycling technologies: chemical aspects, technology status and challenges
This review examined the full life cycle of plastics and evaluated options for managing plastic waste, with a focus on chemical recycling technologies. The study suggests that overcoming barriers to industrial chemical recycling could open new opportunities for reducing plastic pollution.
The missing link: A systematic review of microplastics and its neglected role in life-cycle assessment
This systematic review found that life-cycle assessments of plastic products almost never account for microplastic pollution. This means the true environmental and health impacts of plastics are being significantly underestimated in the tools used to guide policy decisions. The researchers call for better data on microplastic release and its effects so that the full cost of plastic products can be properly measured.
Plastic litter in life cycle assessment: Advances of the marine impacts in life cycle assessment international taskforce and application to case studies
This review examined advances in incorporating marine plastic litter impacts into life cycle assessment, addressing the long-standing gap in LCA methodology for accounting for plastic pollution as an environmental impact category. Recent progress by the MarILCA research group was highlighted as bringing LCA closer to properly reflecting biodiversity and ecosystem impacts from plastic waste.
Applications of recycled plastics and life cycle assessment
This review covers applications for recycled plastics and evaluates the environmental impact of plastic recycling through life cycle assessment. It highlights the tension between the environmental benefits of recycling and the ongoing problem of plastic waste that escapes recycling into ecosystems as potential microplastics.
Modeling marine microplastic emissions in Life Cycle Assessment: characterization factors for biodegradable polymers and their application in a textile case study
Researchers developed new methods for measuring the environmental impact of biodegradable plastic microplastic emissions using life cycle assessment. They found that microplastic degradation rates may be overestimated when based on data from larger plastic pieces, and that microplastic emissions could account for up to 30% of the total environmental impact in a textile case study. The work aims to improve the accuracy of environmental comparisons between conventional and biodegradable materials.