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20 resultsShowing papers similar to Immunotoxicity of microplastics in fish
ClearEnvironmental toxicology of microplastic particles on fish: A review
This review summarizes how microplastics harm fish through physical damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, immune suppression, genetic damage, and reproductive disruption. These effects matter for human health because toxic substances accumulate and concentrate as they move up the food chain from fish to the people who eat them.
Impacts of microplastic accumulation in aquatic environment: Physiological, eco-toxicological, immunological, and neurotoxic effects
This review summarizes how microplastics build up in fish and other aquatic life, causing damage to their immune systems, nervous systems, and overall health. When fish eat microplastics, the particles move up the food chain and can eventually reach humans through seafood consumption. The authors also discuss strategies for removing microplastics from water and reducing plastic pollution.
Microplastics bioaccumulation in fish: Its potential toxic effects on hematology, immune response, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, growth, and reproductive dysfunction
This review finds that microplastics accumulate primarily in the guts and gills of fish before spreading to other tissues through the bloodstream, causing a cascade of harmful effects including blood changes, immune suppression, nerve damage, and reproductive problems. The severity of harm depends on the size and dose of particles and how long the fish are exposed, with implications for the safety of fish consumed by humans.
Understanding the links between micro/nanoplastics-induced gut microbes dysbiosis and potential diseases in fish: A review
This review examines how microplastics and nanoplastics accumulate in fish intestines and disrupt their gut bacteria, potentially leading to inflammation, immune problems, and metabolic diseases. The disrupted gut microbiome can weaken the intestinal barrier, allowing harmful substances to enter the fish's body. Since fish are a major protein source for billions of people, understanding how microplastics damage fish gut health is important for assessing risks to human food safety.
Ecotoxicological impacts of Microplastic (MP) Pollution in Fish
This review synthesizes evidence on microplastic bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological impacts in fish, examining tissue distribution patterns, immune disruption, reproductive harm, and behavioral effects. The authors conclude that microplastics cause multi-system health effects in fish with implications for aquatic ecosystem stability and food safety.
Toxic effects on bioaccumulation, hematological parameters, oxidative stress, immune responses and neurotoxicity in fish exposed to microplastics: A review
This review summarizes how microplastics affect fish health, covering toxic effects on blood, immune system, nervous system, and the buildup of plastics in fish tissues. Microplastics that accumulate in fish can trigger oxidative damage, weaken immune responses, and impair brain-related enzyme activity. Since fish are a major protein source for humans, understanding how microplastics harm fish health is directly relevant to the safety of our food supply.
Impacts of microplastics on immunity
This review examines the growing evidence that microplastics and nanoplastics can affect the immune system, covering studies in marine organisms, mammals, and human cell lines. Researchers found that these particles can trigger inflammation, alter immune cell function, and disrupt immune signaling pathways. The study underscores the need for more immunological research to fully understand how plastic particle exposure may compromise immune health in humans.
Ecotoxicological and physiological risks of microplastics on fish and their possible mitigation measures
This review summarizes how microplastics affect fish health, including reduced feeding, impaired gill function, weakened immune systems, and reproductive problems. Researchers found that microplastics can transfer through the food chain from smaller organisms to top predators, raising concerns about broader ecosystem impacts. The study also highlights mitigation strategies such as reducing single-use plastics, recycling, and using bioplastics.
Effects of microplastics in freshwater fishes health and the implications for human health
This review examines how microplastics affect the health of freshwater fish, which are a major protein source for billions of people. Fish ingest microplastics that accumulate in their guts, gills, and tissues, leading to inflammation, oxidative stress, and disrupted growth. Since microplastics in fish tissue can transfer to humans through the food chain, this is relevant to both ecosystem and human health.
Microplastic pollution as a grand challenge in marine research: A closer look at their adverse impacts on the immune and reproductive systems
This review summarizes the effects of microplastic pollution on the immune and reproductive systems of marine species, covering studies on invertebrates and vertebrates exposed to various plastic types. Researchers found that immune responses varied by species, with changes in defense mechanisms observed in fish and cellular damage in mollusk immune cells. The study highlights that while reproductive and immune impacts of microplastics are increasingly documented, significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly for vertebrate marine species.
Effects of Microplastics on Fish and in Human Health
This review summarizes how microplastics affect both fish and humans, covering tissue damage, oxidative stress, immune disruption, and neurotoxicity. Fish are a major source of protein for people worldwide, so when microplastics contaminate fish, humans are exposed through their diet. The research highlights that while the toxic effects on fish are becoming clearer, much less is known about the long-term health consequences for people who eat contaminated seafood.
Assessment of the Risk of Microplastics on Gill and Gut Health and Subsequent Pathogen Susceptibility in the Goldfish Model
Researchers assessed how polystyrene microplastics of two sizes affect gill and gut health in goldfish and their subsequent vulnerability to bacterial infection. They found that microplastic exposure caused tissue inflammation, increased immune gene expression, and thickened gill and intestinal structures. Notably, exposure to smaller 0.5-micrometer microplastics significantly reduced fish survival when challenged with a bacterial pathogen, indicating that microplastics can compromise immune defenses in fish.
Microplastics induce transcriptional changes, immune response and behavioral alterations in adult zebrafish
Researchers exposed adult zebrafish to polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics for twenty days and analyzed the effects at the genetic, tissue, and behavioral levels. They found significant changes in immune system genes, disrupted intestinal and gill tissue integrity, and increased presence of inflammatory cells. The study suggests that microplastic exposure may compromise fish defenses against pathogens by weakening the protective barriers of their mucosal tissues.
Microplastics accumulation in gastrointestinal tracts of Mullus barbatus and Merluccius merluccius is associated with increased cytokine production and signaling
Researchers found microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of red mullet and European hake from the Mediterranean and showed that MP accumulation was associated with elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in gut tissue. The immunotoxic response to ingested MPs suggests that plastic contamination may chronically impair immune function in commercially important fish species.
Understanding the sources, fate and effects of microplastics in aquatic environments with a focus on risk profiling in aquaculture systems
This review summarizes how microplastics enter aquaculture systems and accumulate in farmed fish, causing toxic effects including immune disruption, oxidative stress, and genetic damage. Since farmed fish are a major food source, the buildup of microplastics in aquaculture poses a direct pathway for these particles to reach human diets.
Plastics in our water: Fish microbiomes at risk?
This review examined how microplastics and leached plasticizers affect the gut microbiomes of freshwater and marine fish, summarizing evidence for dysbiosis and reduced microbial diversity and discussing potential consequences for fish immunity, metabolism, and environmental fitness.
Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on biota: a review
This review examines the ecological impact of microplastics on organisms across different levels of the food chain, from plankton to fish. Researchers found that microplastic exposure triggers a range of harmful effects including oxidative stress, immune disruption, reproductive problems, and altered feeding behavior. The evidence suggests that microplastics pose a widespread toxicological threat to wildlife, though more research is needed to understand the long-term population-level consequences.
Silent Disruption: Mechanistic Pathways of Microplastic Toxicity in Aquatic Organisms
This research review summarizes studies showing that tiny plastic particles in water harm fish and other aquatic animals by damaging their immune systems, disrupting hormones, and causing problems with breathing and reproduction. The plastic particles create harmful chemicals in animals' bodies and can even affect their offspring, suggesting these effects could build up over time. Since humans eat fish and seafood from these contaminated waters, this pollution may pose risks to our own health through the food chain.
Exploring the ecotoxicological impacts of microplastics on freshwater fish: A critical review
This review examines how microplastics affect freshwater fish, which often mistake the tiny particles for food. Once ingested, microplastics do not stay in the gut -- they enter the bloodstream and spread to the gills, liver, brain, heart, and reproductive organs, causing hormonal, immune, neurological, and reproductive problems. Because microplastics build up in the food chain, the contamination of fish has broader implications for other animals and for people who eat freshwater fish.
Assessing the Effects of Microplastics on Freshwater Fish
This review examines the growing body of research on how microplastics affect freshwater fish, documenting evidence of ingestion, tissue damage, immune system impairment, and gastrointestinal obstruction across multiple species. Researchers highlight that microplastics from personal care products and degraded plastic goods are accumulating in freshwater ecosystems at concerning rates. The study warns that combined with existing threats like overfishing and habitat loss, microplastic pollution could accelerate population declines in vulnerable fish species.