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Understanding the links between micro/nanoplastics-induced gut microbes dysbiosis and potential diseases in fish: A review
Summary
This review examines how microplastics and nanoplastics accumulate in fish intestines and disrupt their gut bacteria, potentially leading to inflammation, immune problems, and metabolic diseases. The disrupted gut microbiome can weaken the intestinal barrier, allowing harmful substances to enter the fish's body. Since fish are a major protein source for billions of people, understanding how microplastics damage fish gut health is important for assessing risks to human food safety.
At present, the quantity of micro/nano plastics in the environment is steadily rising, and their pollution has emerged as a global environmental issue. The tendency of their bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms (especially fish) has intensified people's attention to their persistent ecotoxicology. This review critically studies the accumulation of fish in the intestines of fish through active or passive intake of micro/nano plastics, resulting in their accumulation in intestinal organs and subsequent disturbance of intestinal microflora. The key lies in the complex toxic effect on the host after the disturbance of fish intestinal microflora. In addition, this review pointed out the characteristics of micro/nano plastics and the effects of their combined toxicity with adsorbed pollutants on fish intestinal microorganisms, in order to fully understand the characteristics of micro/nano plastics and emphasize the complex interaction between MNPs and other pollutants. We have an in-depth understanding of MNPs-induced intestinal flora disorders and intestinal dysfunction, affecting the host's systemic system, including immune system, nervous system, and reproductive system. The review also underscores the imperative for future research to investigate the toxic effects of prolonged exposure to MNPs, which are crucial for evaluating the ecological risks posed by MNPs and devising strategies to safeguard aquatic organisms.