Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat (pb) Dan Kelimpahan Mikroplastik Di Estuari Sungai Baturusa Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung

Researchers measured lead concentrations and microplastic abundance in the Baturusa River estuary in Indonesia, an area affected by heavy industrial and anthropogenic activity. The study provides baseline data on combined heavy metal and microplastic contamination in this coastal region.

2022 JFMR-Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Lead levels and abundance of microplastics in surface water and sediment along a rural–urban river gradient

Researchers sampled water and sediment along a rural-to-urban river and found microplastics at every location, with concentrations decreasing downstream in surface water but not following a clear pattern in sediment. They also found that higher microplastic levels in sediment were linked to higher lead concentrations, suggesting the two pollutants tend to accumulate together.

2024 Discover Water 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Concentration and adsorption of Pb and Cu in microplastics: Case study in aquatic environment

Microplastics collected from the Musi River in Indonesia were found to accumulate lead and copper at concentrations far higher than in the surrounding water, with the highest metal levels at the estuary. The adsorption process followed a Freundlich model, indicating that metals bind loosely and could be released back into the ecosystem.

2020 Marine Pollution Bulletin 208 citations
Article Tier 2

Distribution and variation of metals in urban river sediments in response to microplastics presence, catchment characteristics and sediment properties

Researchers found that microplastic presence, alongside catchment urbanization and traffic activity, is associated with elevated heavy metal concentrations — particularly lead — in Brisbane River sediments, suggesting microplastics act as co-contaminants and vectors for metal pollution in urban waterways.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics as the vector for the attachment of polychlorinated biphenyls: A case study of urbanized Langat River, Malaysia

Researchers measured microplastic concentrations and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels at six sites along the urbanized Langat River in Malaysia, finding microplastics acting as vectors that adsorb and transport PCBs with concentrations highest at sites with the greatest industrial activity.

2025 Marine Pollution Bulletin 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Characterization of Microplastics in Jakarta’s Urban Downstream and Estuary Water Bodies

Researchers characterized microplastic contamination in urban water bodies of Jakarta -- specifically Sunter River, Buaran River, and Marunda Estuary -- which serve as conduits for plastic waste to the ocean. Microplastics were abundant in all sampled water bodies, with fiber and fragment morphotypes dominant, reflecting the high density of urban plastic sources in the surrounding catchments.

2024 Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

The contribution of estuaries to the abundance of microplastics in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

Researchers found that rivers draining into Jakarta Bay are a major source of microplastics, with polyethylene fragments in the 300-500 micrometer size range dominating, and that spatial variation in abundance across nine estuaries reflects differences in local land use and waste management.

2022 Marine Pollution Bulletin 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Abundance of Microplastics and Hazard to the Environment in Estuary Water in Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia

Researchers measured microplastic abundance and types at five sampling locations in the estuary waters of the Pemalang River in Central Java, Indonesia, finding persistent microplastic hazards driven by local human activities and plastic waste inputs.

2023 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Preliminary Study of Microplastic Abundance in Rivers of Greater Semarang Area, Indonesia

Researchers surveyed two rivers in the Semarang region of Indonesia and found microplastics at every sampling site, with concentrations increasing downstream and polyethylene sheet fragments — likely from single-use plastic bags — being the most common type, underlining the need for better waste management to reduce plastic entering waterways.

2023 International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Identifikasi Jenis Mikroplastik dan Logam Berat di Air Sungai Kapuas Kota Pontianak

Researchers identified and quantified microplastic types and heavy metals in water samples from the Kapuas River in Pontianak, Indonesia, finding that high plastic waste inputs from urban activities resulted in elevated microplastic concentrations alongside metals including lead and cadmium.

2021 POSITRON 26 citations
Article Tier 2

The Identification of Microplastics in Karang Mumus and Karang Asam Kecil River Estuary, Samarinda

Researchers identified and characterized microplastics in the estuaries of two rivers in Samarinda, Indonesia. Microplastics were found at the study sites, adding to documentation of widespread freshwater microplastic contamination in Southeast Asian river systems.

2023 Advances in biological sciences research/Advances in Biological Sciences Research
Article Tier 2

Analisis Jenis dan Kelimpahan Mikroplastik serta Pencemaran Logam Berat pada Hulu Sungai Bengawan Solo

Researchers measured microplastic types and abundance along with heavy metal concentrations in the upper section of the Bengawan Solo River in Indonesia, finding both contaminants present across sampling sites. The co-occurrence of microplastics and heavy metals in this nationally important river raises concerns for water quality and aquatic life.

2021 Environmental Pollution Journal 7 citations
Review Tier 2

Microplastic Pollution in Waters and its Impact on Health and Environment in Indonesia: A Review

This review assessed microplastic pollution in Indonesian waters, documenting widespread contamination across rivers, coastal areas, and marine environments, and discussing the health and ecological impacts for the world's second-largest plastic waste contributor.

2021 Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics as a vehicle of heavy metals in aquatic environments: A review of adsorption factors, mechanisms, and biological effects

This review summarizes how microplastics in water can absorb and carry toxic heavy metals like lead and cadmium, making them more dangerous to aquatic life than either pollutant alone. Environmental factors such as water acidity, salinity, and organic matter influence how much metal sticks to microplastic surfaces. Since contaminated seafood is a major source of human exposure, understanding these interactions is important for assessing health risks.

2021 Journal of Environmental Management 385 citations
Article Tier 2

Karakteristik sampah mikroplastik di Muara Sungai DKI Jakarta

This Indonesian-language study characterized microplastics found at the mouths of rivers flowing through Jakarta. River mouths are major hotspots for plastic accumulation, as they collect debris washed from urban areas and funnel it toward coastal and marine environments.

2019 DEPIK 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Individual and combined impact of microplastics and lead acetate on the freshwater shrimp (Caridina fossarum): Biochemical effects and physiological responses

Freshwater shrimp exposed to polyethylene microplastics combined with lead showed significantly worse toxic effects than when exposed to either pollutant alone, with microplastics increasing how much lead accumulated in the shrimp's tissues. This demonstrates that microplastics can act as carriers that amplify the toxicity of heavy metals in aquatic food chains, potentially increasing human exposure to dangerous metals through seafood.

2024 Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 54 citations
Article Tier 2

The Role of Biofilm on Microplastics as A Vector for Heavy Metals in the Waters of Sendang Biru, Malang Regency

Researchers investigated microplastic contamination, biofilm formation, and heavy metal accumulation in waters of Sendang Biru, Malang Regency, Indonesia, collecting 20-liter water samples and six Banyar fish specimens from two stations to examine how biofilms on microplastic surfaces act as vectors for heavy metal transfer to aquatic organisms.

2025 HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
Article Tier 2

Assessment of Small-Scale Microplastics Abundance and Characterization in Urban River: A Case Study in Metro River, Indonesia

Researchers assessed microplastic contamination in the Metro River in Indonesia, finding that abundance and characteristics varied by land use type, with urban areas showing higher concentrations of fragments and fibers in this rapidly developing region.

2023 Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Interaction and bacterial effects of microplastics pollution on heavy metals in hyporheic sediments of different land-use types in the Beiluo River Basin

Researchers studied how microplastics and heavy metals interact in river sediments across different land-use types in a Chinese river basin. They found that microplastics concentrated more heavily in shallow sediments and that the metals detected on microplastic surfaces were present at much higher levels than in surrounding sediment. The study suggests that microplastics may serve as concentrators and carriers of heavy metal contamination, potentially amplifying pollution risks.

2024 Environmental Pollution 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Occurrence of Microplastics in Kemena River and Niah River of Sarawak, Malaysia

Researchers investigated microplastic occurrence in water and riverbed sediments of the Kemena and Niah Rivers in Sarawak, Malaysia, finding that urbanization along these rivers correlates with higher microplastic concentrations in freshwater environments.

2023 Tropical Environment Biology and Technology 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Co-transport behavior and Trojan-horse effect of colloidal microplastics with different functional groups and heavy metals in porous media

This study examined how tiny microplastic particles travel through soil and groundwater while carrying lead, a toxic heavy metal. The researchers found a "Trojan horse" effect where microplastics transport lead to places it would not normally reach on its own. This is concerning because it means microplastics could spread heavy metal contamination further through drinking water sources.

2023 Journal of Hazardous Materials 73 citations
Article Tier 2

Correlation Analysis of Water Quality and Microplastic Identification in the North Coast Area of Situbondo

Researchers assessed water quality and identified microplastics in a river in North Kalimantan, Indonesia, finding correlations between water quality parameters and microplastic abundance and characterizing the dominant polymer types and morphologies present.

2025 Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA
Article Tier 2

Particulate plastics as a vector for toxic trace-element uptake by aquatic and terrestrial organisms and human health risk.

This paper reviews evidence that microplastics and nanoplastics act as carriers for toxic trace elements like lead, mercury, and cadmium in both aquatic and terrestrial environments, concentrating these metals on their surfaces. The authors assess how adsorption of heavy metals onto plastic particles may increase human and wildlife exposure risks, and discuss how environmental conditions influence metal uptake by plastics.

2019 Environment international
Article Tier 2

Abundance and distribution of microplastics in Baturusa watershed of Bangka Belitung Islands Province

Scientists measured microplastic abundance and distribution in the Baturusa River watershed on Bangka Belitung Island, Indonesia, finding plastic particles at all sampling sites. Higher concentrations were found downstream and near populated areas, highlighting the role of human settlements in freshwater microplastic contamination.

2021 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science