Papers

61,005 results
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Review Tier 2

Microplastics in the human body: A comprehensive review of exposure, distribution, migration mechanisms, and toxicity

This comprehensive review pulls together research on how microplastics enter the human body through food, air, and skin contact, and where they accumulate in organs and tissues. The review discusses how particle size determines whether microplastics can cross biological barriers like the gut lining and blood-brain barrier. The authors conclude that microplastics pose significant health risks and call for more research into their long-term effects.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 176 citations
Article Tier 2

From Environment to Body: Microplastics' Sources, Pathways, and Health Repercussions

This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of how microplastics enter the human body through food, water, air, and skin contact. Researchers found evidence that these particles may cause physical damage, chemical toxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress in biological systems. The study highlights significant gaps in understanding the long-term health implications of chronic microplastic exposure in humans.

2024 Journal of Education Health and Sport 3 citations
Article Tier 2

The infiltration of microplastics in human systems: Gastrointestinal accumulation and pathogenic impacts

This review focuses on how microplastics accumulate in the human digestive system and what health problems they might cause. The authors explain that people ingest microplastics through food, water, and air, and these particles may trigger inflammation, disrupt gut bacteria, and potentially contribute to gastrointestinal diseases.

2025 Heliyon 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic: Characteristics, exposure pathways, toxicity, and implication for human health

This review examines how microplastics enter the human body through food, water, air, and skin contact, and the potential health effects of that exposure. Researchers found associations between microplastic exposure and issues such as gut inflammation and disrupted neurotransmitter levels, with particles even detected in human brain tissue. The study highlights the urgent need for better regulations, improved recycling, and new removal technologies to reduce microplastic-related health risks.

2024 Jurnal Prima Medika Sains 6 citations
Review Tier 2

Microplastics and Human Health: A Comprehensive Review on Exposure Pathways, Toxicity, and Emerging Risks

This comprehensive review examines microplastic exposure pathways in humans, methods of detection, and the potential toxic effects on various biological systems. The study highlights growing evidence that microplastics can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, and may affect multiple organ systems, though significant uncertainties remain about long-term health outcomes.

2026 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

Transport of microplastics in the body and interaction with biological barriers, and controlling of microplastics pollution

This review summarizes how microplastics enter the human body through food, water, and air, and what happens when they encounter the body's protective barriers like the gut lining, skin, and blood-brain barrier. Smaller microplastics can cross these barriers and accumulate in organs, potentially causing inflammation and other harmful effects. The review also covers emerging methods for removing microplastics from the environment to reduce human exposure.

2023 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 78 citations
Review Tier 2

Nano- and microplastics: a comprehensive review on their exposure routes, translocation, and fate in humans

This comprehensive review traces the journey of nano- and microplastics through the human body, covering how they enter through breathing, eating, drinking, and skin contact. Once inside, the smallest particles can cross the gut and lung barriers, enter the bloodstream, and accumulate in organs including the liver, kidneys, and placenta. The review highlights significant knowledge gaps about long-term health effects but notes that the evidence for internal accumulation in humans is growing.

2022 NanoImpact 202 citations
Article Tier 2

[Human Accumulation and Toxic Effects of Microplastics:A Critical Review].

This review summarizes how microplastics enter the human body through food, drinking water, and air, and where they tend to accumulate in organs and tissues. Researchers found evidence that microplastics can trigger inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the body. The study calls for more research into the long-term health effects of continuous microplastic exposure in humans.

2024 PubMed 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution: Sources, fate, impacts and research gaps

This review summarizes the sources, environmental fate, and health impacts of microplastics across oceans, rivers, soils, and polar regions. It highlights that microplastics carry toxic chemicals into ecosystems and can enter the human body through food, water, and air.

2021 Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro(nano)plastics and their potential impact on human gut health: a narrative review

This narrative review synthesizes evidence on how microplastics and nanoplastics affect the human gut, discussing ingestion routes, gut barrier interactions, microbiome disruption, and potential systemic health effects.

2024 Preprints.org
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in humans: Current evidence of presence and their role in organ toxicity

This comprehensive review examined how microplastics enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, dermal absorption, and maternal-fetal transfer, summarizing documented evidence of MP presence and toxic effects across multiple organs.

2025 International Journal of Biology Sciences
Article Tier 2

Impact of Microplastics on Human Health: A Comprehensive Review

This comprehensive review examines how microplastics enter the human body through food, water, and air, and what health effects they may cause. Researchers found evidence that microplastics can accumulate in the body and may contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress, and disruption of gut bacteria. The study suggests that more research is needed to fully understand the long-term health implications of ongoing human exposure to microplastics.

2024 Journal of Preventive Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies in Medicine 8 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

The ant that may well destroy a whole dam: a systematic review of the health implication of nanoplastics/microplastics through gut microbiota

This systematic review summarizes existing research on how nanoplastics and microplastics disrupt gut bacteria in various organisms. The findings show that plastic particle exposure consistently alters gut microbiome composition, which in turn affects the host's immune function, metabolism, and overall health. These gut bacteria changes may be a key pathway through which microplastics harm human health.

2025 Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2 citations
Review Tier 2

A review on microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment: Their occurrence, exposure routes, toxic studies, and potential effects on human health

This review summarizes what is known about how microplastics and nanoplastics enter the human body through food, air, and skin contact, and what they do once inside. Studies on cells and animals show these tiny particles can cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and harm to the immune, digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems. The research makes clear that microplastics are not just an environmental problem but a direct concern for human health.

2022 Marine Pollution Bulletin 379 citations
Article Tier 2

The Ins and Outs of Microplastics

This entry covers a review paper on the entry and exit pathways of microplastics through the human body. Understanding how microplastics are absorbed, distributed, and excreted is fundamental to assessing their potential health effects.

2019 Annals of Internal Medicine 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Impact of microplastics on human health: exposure mechanisms and potential health implications

This review examines how microplastics enter the human body through food, drinking water, and inhaled air, and summarizes what is known about their potential health effects. Researchers found that microplastics have been detected in human stool samples, blood, and lung tissue, and may carry harmful chemicals and pathogens. The study highlights that while evidence of direct health impacts is still emerging, the widespread presence of microplastics in everyday exposure pathways warrants serious attention.

2024 Quality in Sport 7 citations
Article Tier 2

The Plastic Within: Microplastics Invading Human Organs and Bodily Fluids Systems

This review documents the presence of microplastics in human organs and body fluids including the liver, blood, heart, placenta, breast milk, lungs, and reproductive tissues. The particles enter through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, and may also be introduced through invasive medical procedures. The widespread distribution of microplastics throughout the body raises concerns about their potential effects on organ function and long-term health.

2023 Environments 60 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics-sources, spread and impact on the living world

This review examines microplastic sources, environmental spread, and biological impacts, covering particles ranging from 1 to 5000 µm in diameter derived from plastic degradation, industrial production, and everyday use of synthetic materials and cosmetics. The authors highlight microplastics' capacity to cross biological barriers, accumulate in tissues, and trigger inflammatory and immune responses in organisms throughout the food chain.

2025 Repository of Faculty of Science
Article Tier 2

Micro(nano)plastics in food system: potential health impacts on human intestinal system.

This review assessed how micro(nano)plastics in the human food system reach the intestine and accumulate in the gut, summarizing evidence that they can alter intestinal barrier function, trigger inflammation, and disrupt the gut microbiome, with implications for long-term digestive health.

2024 Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
Article Tier 2

Potential effects of MPs and their co-pollutants on human intestinal tract

This review examines how microplastics and their co-pollutants enter and damage the human intestinal tract, summarizing evidence for microplastic-induced gut barrier disruption, microbiota alteration, and systemic translocation to other organs.

2025 Reviews on Environmental Health
Article Tier 2

The Impact of Microplastics on Human Health: a Comprehensive Review

This comprehensive review summarizes how microplastics — found in air, water, and food — enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, and have been detected in organs including the lungs, liver, kidneys, placenta, and brain. Microplastic exposure has been associated with respiratory disorders, gut inflammation, reproductive toxicity, immune dysfunction, and potential neurological effects.

2022 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research
Article Tier 2

Health implications of microplastic exposure and sustainable solutions

This review explores the various pathways by which microplastics contaminate aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through human activities, and how they accumulate in the food chain. Researchers summarize the health implications of microplastic exposure through mechanisms like oxidative stress, gut microbiome disruption, and inflammation. The study emphasizes the need for standardized detection methods and stronger regulatory frameworks to address microplastic contamination in the human food supply.

2026 Environmental Sciences Europe
Article Tier 2

From natural environment to animal tissues: A review of microplastics(nanoplastics) translocation and hazards studies

This review summarizes how micro- and nanoplastics travel from the environment into animal bodies through water, food, air, and even skin contact, then move through the bloodstream to accumulate in organs. Once inside, these particles cause oxidative stress, inflammation, gut damage, reproductive harm, and nervous system effects across many animal species. The findings strongly suggest that similar pathways of exposure and harm could apply to humans.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 233 citations
Article Tier 2

Fate and impact of microplastics in in vitro human digestive environment and dialogue between epithelium, gut microbiota and mucus

This study used laboratory models of the human digestive system to track what happens to microplastics as they pass through the gut, and how they interact with gut bacteria and the mucus lining. The findings provide insight into how microplastics may disrupt the gut environment and potentially affect human health.

2021 HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)