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Microplastics-sources, spread and impact on the living world
Summary
This review examines microplastic sources, environmental spread, and biological impacts, covering particles ranging from 1 to 5000 µm in diameter derived from plastic degradation, industrial production, and everyday use of synthetic materials and cosmetics. The authors highlight microplastics' capacity to cross biological barriers, accumulate in tissues, and trigger inflammatory and immune responses in organisms throughout the food chain.
Mikroplastika predstavlja ekološki i zdravstveni problem u današnjem svijetu zbog svoje prisutnosti u svim dijelovima ekosustava. Mikroplastiku čine sve plastične čestice kojima je promjer od 1 do 5000 μm. Nastaje raspadanjem plastike, industrijskom proizvodnjom te svakodnevnom upotrebom sintetičkih materijala i kozmetike. Mikroplastika se akumulira u okolišu i integrira u hranidbeni lanac čime direktno utječe na sva živa bića. Osim što narušava bioraznolikost, mikroplastika dugoročno ugrožava ekosustave i kvalitetu života budućih potomaka. Veliku prijetnju predstavlja sposobnost mikroplastike da prolazi kroz barijere u tijelu te njena akumulacija u tkivima što može izazvati brojne upale i imunološke reakcije. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati nastanak i karakteristike mikroplastike, njezinu rasprostranjenost u različitim ekosustavima, utjecaj na životinje, biljke i čovjeka te same metode analize čestica mikroplastike.
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