Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Raman Microspectroscopy Detection and Characterisation of Microplastics in Human Breastmilk

Researchers used Raman spectroscopy to detect and characterize microplastics in human breast milk samples for the first time. They found microplastic particles in the samples, confirming that nursing infants can be exposed to microplastics through breastfeeding. This pilot study highlights the need for larger investigations into how microplastics in breast milk might affect infant health during a critical period of development.

2022 Polymers 730 citations
Article Tier 2

Detection of diverse microplastic polymers in human breast milk

Researchers detected microplastics in human breast milk samples using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, identifying a range of polymer types including polyethylene, polypropylene, and others, raising concerns about infant exposure to plastics during breastfeeding.

2025 The International Islamic University Malaysia Repository (The International Islamic University Malaysia)
Article Tier 2

Evaluation of near infrared spectroscopy for direct detection of common microplastics contamination in camel Milk powder

Researchers evaluated near infrared spectroscopy as a rapid, non-destructive method for detecting common microplastic contamination in camel milk powder. The technique successfully distinguished between uncontaminated and contaminated samples spiked with polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and PET at concentrations as low as 0.01% by weight. The findings suggest NIR spectroscopy could serve as a practical quality control tool for screening microplastic contamination in premium dairy products.

2026 Food Chemistry
Article Tier 2

Isolating microplastics from human milk: a chemical digestion approach for effective polymer extraction and ATR-FTIR analysis

Researchers developed and evaluated a chemical digestion method for isolating microplastics from human breast milk, addressing the challenges posed by the high fat and protein content of this matrix. The method enabled ATR-FTIR polymer identification of MPs extracted from milk samples, providing a validated protocol for studying infant dietary MP exposure.

2025 The International Islamic University Malaysia Repository (The International Islamic University Malaysia)
Article Tier 2

Detection and characterization of small-sized microplastics (≥ 5 µm) in milk products

Researchers developed a new micro-Raman methodology to detect and characterize microplastics as small as 5 micrometers in milk products, identifying polyethylene and polystyrene particles in tested samples and providing a reliable analytical approach for food contamination assessment.

2021 Scientific Reports 200 citations
Article Tier 2

Sample Preparation Protocol for the Extraction and Raman analysis of Small Microplastics in Infant Milk Formula

Researchers published a standard operating procedure for extracting microplastics from infant milk formula using optimized chemical digestion steps to remove proteins, fats, and carbohydrates while preserving microplastic integrity for subsequent µ-Raman spectroscopy identification.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Recognition and detection technology for microplastic, its source and health effects

This review summarizes current knowledge about detecting microplastics and their effects on human health, covering methods like FTIR spectroscopy and Raman imaging. The authors highlight that micro- and nanoplastics can cause a range of health problems including oxidative stress, reduced reproductive ability, inflammation, and damage to the circulatory and respiratory systems. The review emphasizes the urgent need for better detection methods so that researchers and regulators can accurately assess how much microplastic people are actually exposed to.

2024 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Methods for identifying microplastics in food systems

Identifying microplastics in food is technically challenging because food matrices are complex and particles can be very small. This review covers the main methods scientists use — from simple visual inspection to sophisticated techniques like Raman spectroscopy and infrared imaging — and evaluates their strengths and limitations in the context of food safety. The authors conclude that Raman microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy are currently the gold-standard approaches for detecting and confirming the chemical identity of microplastics in food and agricultural products.

2026 Agrarian science
Article Tier 2

Detection methods of micro and nanoplastics

This review surveyed current detection methods for micro- and nanoplastics across environmental and food matrices, comparing techniques like FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry for identifying these emerging contaminants.

2023 Advances in food and nutrition research 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Sample Preparation Protocol for the Extraction and Raman analysis of Small Microplastics in Infant Milk Formula

Researchers developed a standardized sample preparation protocol for extracting and characterizing microplastics (1-1000 µm) from infant milk formula using chemical digestion to remove complex organic matrix components while preserving particle integrity for µ-Raman spectroscopy analysis.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Raman Spectroscopic Detection of Silicone Leakage in Human Breast and Lymph Node Tissues

This paper is not relevant to microplastics; it uses Raman spectroscopy to detect silicone leakage from ruptured breast implants in human tissue samples.

2023 Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Analytical tools in advancing microplastics research for identification and quantification across environmental media: from sample to insight

Researchers reviewed the analytical tools most commonly used for identifying and quantifying microplastics, focusing on FTIR and Raman spectroscopy as the two primary methods. The review compared their strengths and limitations and provided guidance for choosing between them based on particle size, sample matrix, and research objectives.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Quantification of polystyrene microplastics in water, milk, and coffee using thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR)

Scientists developed a new method to quickly measure polystyrene microplastics in water, milk, and coffee without needing to pre-treat the samples. Using a combination of heat analysis and infrared spectroscopy, they could detect microplastic contamination at low levels in common beverages. This approach could make routine testing for microplastics in food and drinks faster and more practical.

2024 Chemosphere 21 citations
Review Tier 2

Analysing micro- and nanoplastics with cutting-edge infrared spectroscopy techniques: a critical review

This review evaluates cutting-edge infrared spectroscopy techniques for detecting and analyzing micro- and nanoplastics in environmental and food samples. Better detection methods are crucial for understanding human exposure because they allow scientists to measure smaller particles more accurately, including nanoplastics that are small enough to cross biological barriers and accumulate in human tissues.

2024 Analytical Methods 44 citations
Article Tier 2

Analysis of environmental microplastics by vibrational microspectroscopy: FTIR, Raman or both?

This study reviewed analytical methods for environmental microplastic analysis using vibrational microspectroscopy — comparing FTIR, Raman, and related techniques — and provided guidance on method selection for different sample types and research questions.

2016 Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 975 citations
Article Tier 2

A Review of Spectroscopic Techniques used for the Quantification and Classification of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Environment

This review evaluates spectroscopic techniques — including Raman, FTIR, NIR, ICP-MS, fluorescence, X-ray, and NMR — for identifying and quantifying microplastics and nanoplastics in environmental and biological matrices, covering methodologies, sample handling, and applications.

2024 Spectroscopy 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Analisis Mikroplastik Pada Botol Susu Plastik Bayi Dengan Metoda FTIR

This Indonesian study analyzed baby bottle plastics using infrared spectroscopy to detect microplastics released during use. Plastic baby bottles are a known source of microplastic exposure in infants, and identifying the specific polymer types released helps characterize the nature and potential risks of this common exposure.

2023 Parapemikir Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Article Tier 2

Microplastic and nanoplastic analysis in drinking water and indoor air with Raman micro-spectroscopy

Raman micro-spectroscopy was used to detect and characterize micro- and nanoplastics in drinking water and indoor air, demonstrating the technique's value for assessing human exposure to plastic particles across multiple environments.

2023
Article Tier 2

Analysis of microplastics in food, mineral water and in mineral water process lines by FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy

Researchers developed standardised sampling protocols and analytical methods using FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy to detect microplastic particles below 10 µm in beverages, soluble foods, and mineral water production lines. The study traced sources and entry pathways of microplastics into food products and identified preventive measures applicable to industrial processing environments.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Detection and Monitoring in Biological and Environmental Systems: A Mini Review of Techniques and Strategies

This mini review compares the major techniques used to detect and measure microplastics in both environmental and biological samples, including infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry methods. Researchers evaluated the strengths and limitations of each approach for identifying different types and sizes of microplastic particles. The study provides practical guidance for choosing the right detection method depending on the specific research question and sample type.

2025 International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Recent Advances in Spectroscopic Techniques for the Analysis of Microplastics in Food

This review summarizes recent advances in spectroscopic techniques for detecting and identifying microplastics in food products. Researchers evaluated methods including FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and emerging hyperspectral imaging approaches for analyzing microplastics of various sizes, shapes, and materials. The study highlights the strengths and limitations of each technique and identifies gaps in our ability to reliably assess microplastic contamination in the food supply.

2022 Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 71 citations
Article Tier 2

Development and validation of analytical methods to detect small microplastics (10 -100 µm) in infant formula milk powder

Researchers developed and validated analytical methods to detect small microplastics in milk, addressing the challenge of analyzing particles in a complex food matrix. The validated methods confirmed microplastic presence in dairy products and provide tools for routine food safety monitoring.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Analysis of microplastics in food, mineral water and in mineral water process lines by FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy

Researchers developed validated FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy methods for detecting microplastic particles below 10 micrometers in food, mineral water, and along mineral water production lines, creating standardized sampling protocols to identify contamination sources and entry points during food processing.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Harmonizing infrared spectroscopic techniques for microplastic identification: a comparative evaluation of ATR and µFTIR transmission and reflection modes

Researchers systematically compared the performance of Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) and micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (muFTIR) in both transmission and reflection modes for identifying microplastics from twelve common real-world plastic products, providing guidance on optimizing spectroscopic technique selection.

2025