Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

The potential impacts of micro-and-nano plastics on various organ systems in humans

This review summarizes research on how micro- and nanoplastics can affect virtually every organ system in the human body, including the digestive, respiratory, immune, and reproductive systems. The evidence from animal and cell studies shows these particles cause harm through oxidative stress, inflammation, immune dysfunction, and disrupted metabolism, though more research using realistic exposure levels in humans is needed.

2023 EBioMedicine 297 citations
Article Tier 2

The possible impacts of nano and microplastics on human health: lessons from experimental models across multiple organs

This review summarizes evidence from experimental studies on how micro- and nanoplastics may affect multiple human organs after entering the body through food, air, or skin contact. Research shows these particles can trigger inflammation, oxidative stress, hormone disruption, and damage to cells in the gut, lungs, liver, kidneys, brain, and reproductive organs. While more research is needed to fully understand the risks, the existing evidence suggests that reducing plastic pollution and human exposure should be an urgent priority.

2024 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B 39 citations
Article Tier 2

Cellular and Systemic Impacts of Microplastics and Nanoplastics

This review synthesized evidence on how micro- and nanoplastics cause cellular and systemic harm through inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endocrine disruption across multiple organ systems. The authors emphasize that exposure is ubiquitous and that health impacts are no longer speculative.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Micro(nano)plastics: an Emerging Burden for Human Health

This review summarizes recent research on how micro- and nanoplastics affect human health, noting that these particles have been found accumulating in the cardiovascular, nervous, reproductive, and digestive systems. The evidence points to oxidative stress and inflammation as key mechanisms of harm, with recent human studies now providing direct evidence of cardiovascular toxic effects from plastic particle exposure.

2024 International Journal of Biological Sciences 34 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and Nanoplastics on Human Health and Diseases: Perspectives and Recent Advances

This review provides a comprehensive overview of how micro- and nanoplastics enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption, and how they can then travel through the bloodstream to reach virtually every organ. Researchers summarize evidence that these particles can trigger inflammation, oxidative stress, and disruption of hormonal and immune functions. The study emphasizes that the ability of these particles to cross biological barriers and accumulate in tissues makes understanding their long-term health effects an urgent research priority.

2025 Microplastics 3 citations
Article Tier 2

A comprehensive review on the source, ingestion route, attachment and toxicity of microplastics/nanoplastics in human systems

This review summarizes how microplastics and nanoplastics enter the human body through eating, breathing, and skin contact, then spread to organs throughout all nine major body systems. The particles cause harm mainly through oxidative stress, inflammation, and disrupted metabolism, with the digestive and respiratory systems being most affected since they are the primary entry points.

2024 Journal of Environmental Management 89 citations
Article Tier 2

Effect of Nanoplastics on Different Biological Systems

This review examines how nanoplastics affect multiple biological systems — including digestive, reproductive, nervous, and immune systems — synthesizing evidence that nanoplastics cross biological barriers and cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and physiological dysfunction across species.

2025 Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental
Article Tier 2

Micro and Nanoplastics on Human Health and Diseases: Perspectives and Recent Advances

This review covers how micro- and nanoplastic particles enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, infusion, and skin absorption, distribute to virtually all tissues and organs via the circulatory system, and cause health impacts including inflammatory responses, cellular damage, and endocrine disruption.

2025 Preprints.org
Article Tier 2

Exposure Pathways, Systemic Distribution, and Health Implications of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Humans

This review summarizes how micro- and nanoplastics enter the human body through food, air, and skin, then distribute to organs throughout the body. Research in animal and cell models shows these particles can cause oxidative stress, inflammation, brain toxicity, reproductive problems, and potentially cancer, though standardized methods for assessing real-world human health risks are still needed.

2025 Applied Sciences 12 citations
Review Tier 2

Micro- and nanoplastics: origin, sources of intake and impact on human health (literature review)

This literature review synthesizes mechanisms by which micro- and nanoplastics interact with living organisms, examining their physicochemical properties, routes of human exposure, and documented health effects across multiple organ systems.

2025 Hygiene and Sanitation
Article Tier 2

The Impact of Microplastics on Human Health: a Comprehensive Review

This comprehensive review summarizes how microplastics — found in air, water, and food — enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, and have been detected in organs including the lungs, liver, kidneys, placenta, and brain. Microplastic exposure has been associated with respiratory disorders, gut inflammation, reproductive toxicity, immune dysfunction, and potential neurological effects.

2022 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research
Article Tier 2

Microplastic-induced multi-organ toxicity: cellular mechanisms and critical roles of organ crosstalk

This review synthesizes current knowledge on how microplastics cause damage across multiple organ systems, including the liver, brain, lungs, kidneys, intestines, heart, and reproductive organs. Researchers emphasize the critical role of organ crosstalk, where microplastic-induced damage in one organ can trigger cascading effects in others, highlighting the systemic nature of microplastic toxicity.

2026 Frontiers in Public Health
Article Tier 2

Health impacts of microplastic and nanoplastic exposure

This review examines the growing evidence that micro- and nanoplastics can cross barriers in the lungs and gut, enter the bloodstream, and reach organs like the brain, placenta, and reproductive system. Early clinical studies suggest links to immune changes, heart problems, and reproductive effects, though more research is needed. Better methods for measuring plastic exposure in humans are critical to understanding the true health risks.

2025 Nature Medicine 50 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro and nano-plastics, a threat to human health?

This review examines the threat micro- and nanoplastics pose to human health, discussing how these persistent particles accumulate in organs including lungs, the gastrointestinal system, and blood, and how their chemical composition and size influence toxicity.

2022 PubMed 38 citations
Article Tier 2

Cellular and Systemic Impacts of Microplastics and Nanoplastics

This review systematically examined the cellular and systemic health impacts of micro- and nanoplastics, covering uptake mechanisms, organ distribution, and effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, and endocrine function. The authors conclude that MNPs pose credible risks to multiple body systems and call for stronger regulatory action.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Recent progress of microplastic toxicity on human exposure base on in vitro and in vivo studies

This review summarizes recent research on how microplastics affect the human body based on lab cell studies and animal experiments. Evidence shows microplastics can damage multiple organ systems including the digestive, respiratory, nervous, reproductive, and cardiovascular systems. The paper identifies significant gaps in our understanding and calls for more research using realistic exposure levels to better assess the true risk to human health.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 123 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Human Health: Toxicological Mechanisms Involving Oxidative Stress, Endocrine Interference, and Inflammatory Responses

Tiny plastic particles called microplastics and nanoplastics are now found everywhere—in our air, water, and food—and this review of existing research shows they may harm our health in three main ways. These particles can damage cells, disrupt hormones, and cause inflammation throughout the body, potentially affecting organs like the heart, liver, and brain. While scientists are still studying exactly how dangerous these plastic particles are to humans, the evidence suggests we should be concerned about our constant exposure to them.

2026 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Micro- and Nanoplastics Driving Adverse Human Health Effects

This review examines the biological mechanisms by which micro- and nanoplastics may cause harm in humans, including oxidative stress, inflammation, disruption of protective barriers, and immune system problems. Evidence from lab and animal studies suggests these particles can affect the gut, heart, brain, and reproductive systems, though human data is still limited to detecting plastics in tissues rather than proving they cause specific diseases. The authors highlight that most studies use higher doses than people actually encounter, making it important to develop research models that better reflect real-world chronic exposure.

2025 Toxics 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Impact of Microplastics on Human Health: Risks, Diseases, and Affected Body Systems

This review summarizes how microplastics made of polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene affect multiple body systems, causing inflammation in the lungs and gut, weakening immune function, and increasing risks of cardiovascular disease and brain toxicity. These particles also disrupt hormones, which may lead to reproductive problems and elevated cancer risk, underscoring the need for stronger regulations on plastic materials.

2025 Microplastics 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Exposição a Nano E Microplásticos E Seus Impactos Na Saúde Humana: Uma Revisão Da Literatura

This Brazilian literature review (in Portuguese) synthesizes evidence that nano- and microplastic particles can enter the human body through air, water, and food, and migrate to organs including the lungs, liver, brain, and intestines. Health effects on the respiratory, immune, gastrointestinal, and hepatic systems have been documented in both humans and other mammals, with the severity depending on particle type, size, and dose. The review reinforces growing concern that microplastic exposure is a systemic human health issue rather than a localized or minor hazard.

2023 Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Mechanistic insight into potential toxic effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on human health

This review summarizes how microplastics and nanoplastics enter the body through breathing, eating, and skin contact, then travel through the bloodstream to deposit in organs. Studies show they can cause oxidative stress, inflammation, immune dysfunction, genetic damage, developmental abnormalities, and potentially cancer, though most evidence comes from cell and animal studies rather than human research.

2025 Discover Applied Sciences 20 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxicological impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on humans: understanding the mechanistic aspect of the interaction

This review explains the different ways microplastics and nanoplastics cause harm in the human body, including triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and disruption of gut bacteria. The smaller the plastic particle, the more easily it crosses biological barriers like the gut wall and blood-brain barrier, potentially reaching organs throughout the body. The authors highlight that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased plastic waste, adding to the growing burden of human microplastic exposure.

2023 Frontiers in Toxicology 75 citations
Article Tier 2

Potential health impact of environmental micro‐ and nanoplastics pollution

This review examines the potential health impacts of micro- and nanoplastic pollution on humans, focusing on oral and inhalation exposure routes. The study discusses how the potential toxicity of plastic particles arises from the plastics themselves, leachable chemical additives, and adsorbed environmental contaminants. Evidence indicates that the primary health concerns involve gastrointestinal and liver effects, with oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolism disruption as key toxicological mechanisms.

2019 Journal of Applied Toxicology 312 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in humans: Current evidence of presence and their role in organ toxicity

This comprehensive review examined how microplastics enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, dermal absorption, and maternal-fetal transfer, summarizing documented evidence of MP presence and toxic effects across multiple organs.

2025 International Journal of Biology Sciences