Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Analysis of Microplastic Content in Surface Water of the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir in Indonesia

Researchers analyzed surface water from Indonesia's Gajah Mungkur Reservoir, a drinking water source, and found microplastics at every sampling location, with concentrations ranging from 340 to 820 particles per cubic meter. The dominant shapes were filaments and fibers, and the plastics identified included polypropylene and polystyrene. The highest contamination was found at an upstream river inlet, suggesting that rivers are a key delivery route for microplastics into the reservoir. The findings raise concerns about microplastic exposure through drinking water drawn from Indonesian surface water sources.

2025 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Analysis of Microplastics in Water and Biofilm Matrices in Lahor Reservoirs, East Java, Indonesia

Researchers detected microplastics in both water and biofilm samples from Lahor Reservoir in East Java, Indonesia, finding that biofilms accumulate microplastics and may serve as a useful monitoring matrix for assessing plastic contamination in freshwater reservoir ecosystems.

2022 The Journal of Experimental Life Sciences 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessment of Microplastic Pollution in Surface Water within a Densely Populated Area of the Kranji River Basin in Purwokerto, Indonesia

Researchers assessed microplastic pollution in the surface water of the Kranji River Basin in Purwokerto, Indonesia, a densely populated urban area, characterising particle abundance, morphology, colour, and polymer type. The study documented widespread microplastic contamination and identified key sources associated with urban population density, waste management practices, and proximity to human settlements.

2025
Article Tier 2

The occurrence of microplastics in the surface water of several urban lakes in the Megacity of Jakarta

Six urban lakes in the Jakarta metropolitan area were all found to contain microplastics in their surface water, with the most downstream lakes closest to Jakarta Bay showing the heaviest contamination. The study highlights how plastic waste flowing through populated urban watersheds accumulates in lakes before eventually reaching the ocean. Dense urban areas with poor waste management are key hotspots for freshwater microplastic pollution.

2023 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Existence of Microplastics in Indonesia’s Surface Water: A Review

This review summarizes evidence of microplastic contamination in surface waters across Indonesia, finding widespread pollution in rivers, lakes, and coastal areas. The study underscores the urgency of improved plastic waste management in a country with one of the world's largest contributions to ocean plastic pollution.

2021 International Journal of Integrated Engineering 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution in the surface water of Lake Singkarak, Indonesia

Researchers investigated the first documented occurrence of microplastic pollution in Lake Singkarak, a tectonic lake in Indonesia, by collecting water samples from lake inlet, hydropower dam intake, and outlet sites. They found microplastics present throughout the lake's surface water, highlighting the vulnerability of this priority restoration lake to plastic waste inputs from rivers and catchment runoff.

2022 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Contamination in Waters and Sediments in the Selorejo Reservoir, Malang Regency, East Java

This study measured microplastic contamination in water and sediment samples from the Selorejo Reservoir in East Java, Indonesia, finding widespread contamination across all sampling sites. The reservoir serves as a water source for surrounding communities, raising concerns about human exposure through drinking water.

2023 Biotropika Journal of Tropical Biology 2 citations
Article Tier 2

The occurrence and abundance of microplastics in surface water of the midstream and downstream of the Cisadane River, Indonesia

Researchers investigated microplastic contamination in the Cisadane River, Indonesia, finding 13 to 113 particles per cubic meter in surface water with higher abundance downstream, dominated by polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene fragments from household and industrial sources.

2021 Chemosphere 101 citations
Article Tier 2

Unraveling Microplastic Presence in Freshwater and Sediment of Rejoso River, Indonesia

Researchers investigated microplastic presence in water and sediment of the Rejoso River in Indonesia across 12 sampling sites, characterizing the types, abundances, and distribution patterns of microplastic particles in this tropical freshwater system.

2025 Environmental Quality Management
Article Tier 2

Identification of Microplastics in the Upper Cimanuk Watershed and Waste Management Analysis in Garut Regency, Indonesia

Researchers assessed microplastic contamination in the Upper Cimanuk Watershed in Garut Regency, Indonesia, examining water samples and local waste management practices. Microplastics were found throughout the watershed, with the highest concentrations linked to areas with greater human activity and inadequate waste management. The study suggests that improving waste collection and disposal in the region could help reduce microplastic inputs to this important river system.

2026 Industrial and Domestic Waste Management
Article Tier 2

Levels of Microplastics in Aquatic Ecosystem Components of the Kedung Ombo Reservoir, Central Java: Analysis of Water, Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), Sediment, Macroalgae, and Gastropods

Researchers measured microplastic abundance and types in water, sediment, tilapia, macroalgae, and gastropods from the Kedung Ombo Reservoir in Central Java from September to December 2024. MPs were found across all five matrices, with fibers predominating and higher concentrations in sediment and biological samples near human settlements.

2025 Environment and Natural Resources Journal
Article Tier 2

Identifikasi Karakteristik dan Kelimpahan Mikroplastik Pada Sampel Air Kali Surabaya

This Indonesian study characterized microplastic abundance and types in water samples from the Kali Surabaya river in Surabaya. The urban waterway showed widespread plastic contamination, with sources linked to densely populated residential areas along the riverbanks.

2023 Environmental Pollution Journal
Article Tier 2

Abundance of Microplastics and Hazard to the Environment in Estuary Water in Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia

Researchers measured microplastic abundance and types at five sampling locations in the estuary waters of the Pemalang River in Central Java, Indonesia, finding persistent microplastic hazards driven by local human activities and plastic waste inputs.

2023 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Abundance and distribution of microplastics in Baturusa watershed of Bangka Belitung Islands Province

Scientists measured microplastic abundance and distribution in the Baturusa River watershed on Bangka Belitung Island, Indonesia, finding plastic particles at all sampling sites. Higher concentrations were found downstream and near populated areas, highlighting the role of human settlements in freshwater microplastic contamination.

2021 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science
Article Tier 2

Analisis Kandungan Mikroplastik pada Sedimen di Perairan Semarang, Jawa Tengah

Researchers analyzed microplastic contamination in sediments from Semarang waters in Central Java, Indonesia, documenting the types, abundance, and distribution of microplastics across multiple sampling campaigns linked to the city's high population density and waste generation.

2023 Journal of Marine Research 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Contamination in Urban Groundwater: A Case Study From Jakarta Megacity, Indonesia

Groundwater sampled across 121 locations in Jakarta contained between 28 and 236 microplastic particles per liter, with fragment-shaped pieces dominating and concentrations rising near temporary waste disposal sites. This is significant because millions of people in urban Indonesia still rely on groundwater for drinking, meaning microplastics from poorly managed waste are entering a direct route to human consumption.

2024 The Scientific World JOURNAL 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Pollution in Waters and Sediments in a Lentic System: A Case Study in a Tropical Wet Urban Lake of Samarinda, Indonesia

Researchers sampled water and sediment from a tropical urban lake in Samarinda, Indonesia, finding microplastic contamination at all 10 sampling sites with an average of 0.91 particles per litre in water and 375 particles per kilogram in sediment. Fibres — likely from textiles — dominated in both water and sediment, and polyethylene was the most common polymer identified. The study highlights how urban lakes in rapidly developing tropical cities are becoming significant repositories of microplastic pollution, driven by inadequate waste management infrastructure.

2025 Lakes & Reservoirs Science Policy and Management for Sustainable Use 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Contamination in Water and Sediment at Maninjau Lake, Indonesia

Researchers quantified microplastic contamination in surface water and sediment across 10 locations in Maninjau Lake, Indonesia, finding abundances ranging from 65.63 to 195.31 particles/m3 in water and 199.52 to 7,000 particles/kg dry weight in sediment. Fiber, film, fragment, and granule shapes were identified, highlighting contamination risks to a lake critical for water supply, hydroelectric energy, and aquaculture.

2025 ASM Science Journal
Article Tier 2

Characterization of Microplastics in Jakarta’s Urban Downstream and Estuary Water Bodies

Researchers characterized microplastic contamination in urban water bodies of Jakarta -- specifically Sunter River, Buaran River, and Marunda Estuary -- which serve as conduits for plastic waste to the ocean. Microplastics were abundant in all sampled water bodies, with fiber and fragment morphotypes dominant, reflecting the high density of urban plastic sources in the surrounding catchments.

2024 Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Abundance in The Waters of The Middle Section of The Citarum River, Karawang, West Java

Researchers determined the abundance and size distribution of microplastics in the Middle Citarum River, Karawang, West Java by sampling three locations over three months (February-April 2022) in an area influenced by industrial, agricultural, and residential activities. They found microplastic types including pellets, films, fibers, and fragments, with particles smaller than 0.3 mm being the most common size class in these heavily impacted river waters.

2024 Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Identification and characteristic of microplastics in sediment and macrozoobenthos of upper Citarum River

Researchers characterized microplastic particles in sediments and macrozoobenthos collected from the upper Citarum River in West Java using grab sampling and Fenton oxidation digestion. They found an average microplastic concentration of 15.7 particles per 100 g wet sediment across all sampling sites, with the highest concentration at Nanjung station, and identified textile industry discharge and accumulated plastic waste as primary contamination sources.

2024 E3S Web of Conferences
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Pollution in the Inlet and Outlet Networks of Rawa Jombor Reservoir: Accumulation in Aquatic Fauna, Interactions with Heavy Metals, and Health Risk Assessment

Microplastics were detected in the inlet and outlet streams of the Rawa Jombor Reservoir in Java, Indonesia, along with accumulation in aquatic fauna and interactions with heavy metals, and a human health risk assessment was conducted for communities consuming local fish. The study identifies the reservoir network as both a microplastic accumulation zone and a pathway for human dietary exposure to plastic-associated contaminants.

2022 Environment and Natural Resources Journal 10 citations
Article Tier 2

The Identification of Microplastics in Karang Mumus and Karang Asam Kecil River Estuary, Samarinda

Researchers identified and characterized microplastics in the estuaries of two rivers in Samarinda, Indonesia. Microplastics were found at the study sites, adding to documentation of widespread freshwater microplastic contamination in Southeast Asian river systems.

2023 Advances in biological sciences research/Advances in Biological Sciences Research
Article Tier 2

Microplastic in Water and Sediment from the Middle Segment of Karang Mumus River, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan

This study measured microplastic contamination in water and sediment from the Karang Mumus River in Indonesia, finding widespread pollution attributed to increasing plastic waste disposal in the watershed. The research contributes to understanding microplastic distribution in Southeast Asian freshwater systems.

2023 Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan Tropis Nusantara (Nusantara Tropical Fisheries Science Journal) 2 citations