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Microplastic Contamination in Urban Groundwater: A Case Study From Jakarta Megacity, Indonesia

The Scientific World JOURNAL 2024 3 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Hefty Clarissa Wilyalodia, Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik, Mochamad Adhiraga Pratama

Summary

Groundwater sampled across 121 locations in Jakarta contained between 28 and 236 microplastic particles per liter, with fragment-shaped pieces dominating and concentrations rising near temporary waste disposal sites. This is significant because millions of people in urban Indonesia still rely on groundwater for drinking, meaning microplastics from poorly managed waste are entering a direct route to human consumption.

Polymers

Microplastics, classified as emerging contaminants, are recognized for their pollution of various environments, including groundwater. This study focuses on Jakarta, a major city in Asia where some communities still rely on groundwater as their source of clean water. We analyzed 121 groundwater samples from West Jakarta and South Jakarta to assess microplastic abundance and characteristics including color, shape, size, and material. The study also explored the correlation between microplastic abundance and influencing factors such as distance to septic tanks, distance to temporary waste disposal sites, Escherichia coli concentrations, and total coliform concentrations. The results indicate microplastic concentrations ranging from 28 to 236 particles/L with averages of 104 particles/L in West Jakarta and 78 particles/L in South Jakarta. Fragments were the most common shapes (85.68%), followed by fibers (12.86%), films (0.8%), and microbeads (0.66%). Black (85.93%) was the dominant color of microplastics, followed by red (8.2%), transparent (3.13%), blue (1.76%), yellow (0.75%), and green (0.23%). Microplastic size ranged from 20 μ m to 3.76 mm, with the dominant polymer materials being Tencel, cellophane, and polyethylene (PE). Further analysis showed a significant correlation between microplastic abundance and distance to temporary waste disposal sites, with closer proximity resulting in higher concentrations. Trends in correlations between microplastic abundance and distance to septic tanks, E. coli concentration, and total coliform concentration were observable but not significant.

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