Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Filling Discrepancies between Consumer Perception and Actual Piped Water Quality to Promote the Potable Use of the Municipal Water Supply in Indonesia

This paper is not about environmental microplastics in an ecological or health context; it studies consumer trust and drinking water preferences in Indonesian cities to encourage tap water use over bottled water, with the plastic waste angle being secondary and policy-focused rather than scientific.

2024 Sustainability 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Self-Reported Consumption of Bottled Water v. Tap Water in Appalachian and Non-Appalachian Kentucky

Not relevant to microplastics — this study examines self-reported bottled water versus tap water consumption preferences among Appalachian Kentuckians, focusing on public trust in drinking water rather than microplastic contamination.

2024 PubMed 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Unequal trust: Bottled water consumption, distrust in tap water, and economic and racial inequality in the United States

This review examines why bottled water consumption in the United States follows racial and income lines, challenging the assumption that wealthier people drink more bottled water. Researchers found that lower-income communities and communities of color often rely on bottled water due to justified distrust of their tap water quality. The spending burden falls disproportionately on households that can least afford it, highlighting how water safety concerns intersect with economic and racial inequality.

2023 Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water 25 citations
Article Tier 2

Water Consumption Habits of a North-Western Turkish Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

Researchers conducted a cross-sectional survey of 432 residents at a family health center in northwestern Turkey to characterize community drinking water preferences, finding significant associations between water source choice and age, sex, and marital status, with bottled and spring water preferred by younger adults.

2022 Preprints.org
Article Tier 2

Trust in Drinking Water Quality: Understanding the Role of Risk Perception and Transparency

A representative Dutch survey using traditional and modern segmentation approaches found that while general public trust in tap water is high, distinct consumer segments — particularly health-conscious and quality-focused groups — express specific concerns about emerging contaminants like microplastics and pharmaceuticals.

2020 Water 61 citations
Article Tier 2

Theory of planned behavior to analyze students’ intentions in consuming tap water

This study found that Indonesian students largely preferred tap water over bottled water, with the theory of planned behavior identifying perceived safety, environmental concern, and habit as key drivers of tap water consumption.

2023 Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Nivel de aceptación de los tipos de agua envasada en la ciudad de Guayaquil

Researchers investigated consumer acceptance, preferences, and risk perceptions around bottled water consumption in Guayaquil, Ecuador, where distrust of tap water has driven significant growth in the bottled water market. Using a quantitative descriptive approach with adults over 18, the study identified key sociodemographic, consumption habit, and brand preference factors influencing purchasing decisions.

2025 RECIMUNDO
Article Tier 2

Consumption of Tap Water and Sociodemographic-Associated Characteristics: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

This nationwide cross-sectional study examined tap water consumption patterns and associated sociodemographic factors in Italy. The study analyzed data from over 45,000 respondents, exploring how education, income, and regional factors relate to tap versus bottled water consumption, with implications for reducing plastic bottle waste.

2024 Preprints.org 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Public Perception of Drinking Water Quality in an Arsenic-Affected Region: Implications for Sustainable Water Management

Researchers surveyed residents in an arsenic-affected region of Serbia about their perceptions of tap water quality and found that most had a negative view, which closely matched actual water contamination levels. Over 43% of respondents purchased at least five liters of bottled water per week, and because Serbia has low plastic recycling rates, most of those bottles end up in landfills where they slowly break down into microplastics. The study highlights a cycle where water contamination drives bottled water consumption, which in turn contributes to plastic pollution.

2025 Water 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Consumption of Tap Water and Sociodemographic-Associated Characteristics: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

This nationwide Italian survey examined who drinks tap water versus bottled water and what factors influence that choice. Researchers found that tap water consumption was higher among more educated, environmentally concerned individuals in northern regions, and the study suggests that promoting tap water could reduce plastic waste from bottled water while being associated with healthier dietary patterns.

2024 Nutrients 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Making Europe go from bottles to the tap: Political and societal attempts to induce behavioral change

This review examines European political efforts to promote tap water consumption over bottled water, including the EU's revised Drinking Water Directive, and assesses how promising these strategies are based on behavioral research. The most evidence-backed interventions target taste and safety perceptions and improve physical access to tap water.

2020 Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water 35 citations
Article Tier 2

Keep Your Water Quality Data Close, and the Tap Water Critics Closer

Researchers examined how the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) could better engage customers who distrust tap water quality despite consistently meeting safety standards, with media coverage of PFAS, lead, and microplastics contributing to eroding public confidence. The study recommends utilities keep water quality data accessible and proactively engage critics to counter misinformation and improve public trust.

2024 Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation
Article Tier 2

Assessment of Risk Perception on Microplastics Pollution in Drinking Water Sources

Researchers surveyed higher education students to assess their risk perception of microplastic pollution in drinking water sources and measured relationships between perception, concern, and behavioral intention to reduce plastic use. The study aimed to identify knowledge gaps and inform awareness campaigns targeting informed plastic reduction behavior among young adults.

2022 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Determinants of single-use plastic bottled water consumption among university students: a cross-sectional study

A survey of university students found that convenience, habit, and accessibility were the primary drivers of single-use plastic bottled water consumption, with environmental knowledge having limited influence on behavior, suggesting that structural changes rather than awareness campaigns are needed to reduce plastic bottle use.

2025 Journal of Environmental Management
Article Tier 2

Occurrence of Microplastics in Tap and Bottled Water: Current Knowledge

This review summarizes current research on microplastic contamination in both tap and bottled drinking water. Researchers found that microplastics are present in both water sources, with bottled water generally containing higher concentrations than tap water, and smaller particles being more abundant. The study raises public health concerns and emphasizes the need for improved detection methods and drinking water treatment standards.

2022 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 184 citations
Article Tier 2

Everyday storage and handling of PET bottled water increase human exposure to nano- and microplastics: Influence of socio-economic factors

Researchers tested eight major U.S. bottled water brands and found that everyday conditions like heat exposure and shaking dramatically increased nano- and microplastic release from PET bottles, with nanoparticle concentrations rising over ninefold under combined heat and agitation. A survey of over 1,600 people in Nebraska revealed that higher awareness of microplastics and education levels correlated with behaviors that reduce exposure, such as avoiding bottled water storage in hot conditions.

2026 Water Research
Article Tier 2

Comparing in-home and bottled drinking water quality: regulated and emerging contaminants in rural Central Appalachia

Researchers analyzed regulated and emerging contaminants including bacteria, inorganic ions, PFAS, and microplastics in 23 in-home, 4 roadside spring, and 36 bottled drinking water samples from rural Central Appalachia. They found that coliform bacteria and elevated sodium levels occurred in 52% of home water samples, while PFAS and microplastics were detected across all water source types, complicating the assumption that bottled water is consistently safer than in-home supplies.

2025 Journal of Water and Health
Article Tier 2

Occurrence and Potential Health Risks Due to Trihalomethanes and Microplastics in Bottled Water

Researchers found microplastics and trihalomethanes in all tested Indian bottled water brands, with microplastic counts of 20-127 particles per liter and estimated yearly microplastic intake of 153 grams per person through bottled water consumption.

2022 Environmental Engineering Science 36 citations
Article Tier 2

The Impacts of Environmental Knowledge on Aqua Product Purchase: The Role of Environmental Concerns

Researchers examined how environmental knowledge and environmental concerns influence bottled water purchasing behavior among residents of Bandung, Indonesia, focusing on the Aqua brand as a proxy for plastic-packaged aqua products. Results indicate that stronger environmental awareness correlates with altered purchase decisions, highlighting the role of consumer education in reducing plastic consumption.

2024 Journal of System and Management Sciences
Article Tier 2

Analytical Review of Microplastics Occurrence in Bottled Water, Tap Water, and Wastewater Treatment Plants

This review analyzes microplastic contamination across bottled water, tap water, and wastewater treatment plants using data from studies worldwide. Researchers found that microplastic levels in drinking water are closely tied to the water source and that packaging type significantly influences contamination, with glass bottles recommended over plastic. The study emphasizes the need for improved water treatment technologies and greater public awareness about microplastic exposure through drinking water.

2024 E3S Web of Conferences 3 citations
Article Tier 2

A solution for controling microplastics in drinking water

Researchers developed and tested a system for controlling microplastic contamination in drinking water, reporting on removal efficiency at levels relevant to public health. The approach offered effective microplastic reduction from drinking water sources including tap and bottled water.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Drinking Water

This review examines published evidence on microplastic presence in tap water, bottled water, and drinking water treatment plants, summarizing known pathways by which microplastics enter drinking water supplies and discussing potential human health impacts and future research priorities.

2025
Article Tier 2

Microplastics throughout a tap water supply network

Researchers evaluated microplastic presence throughout a large tap water distribution network, detecting microplastics at multiple points from treatment plant to consumer taps and finding that concentrations increased along the distribution system, suggesting the pipe network itself as a contamination source.

2021 Water and Environment Journal 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Occurrence and Source of Microplastics Contamination in Drinking Water and Performance of Water Treatment Plants in Removing Microplastics

This review summarizes evidence that microplastics are present in both tap water and bottled water worldwide, with bottled water frequently contaminated by particles shed from the plastic packaging itself. Conventional water treatment plants remove between 40% and 93% of microplastics but cannot eliminate them entirely, meaning treated drinking water still carries measurable plastic loads. The chapter highlights the irony that plastic packaging intended to deliver clean water is itself a major source of microplastic contamination.

2023