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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to Single and combined toxicity of amino-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles with potassium dichromate and copper sulfate on brine shrimp Artemia franciscana larvae
ClearToxicity of polystyrene nanoplastic and copper oxide nanoparticle in Artemia salina: Single and combined effects on stress responses
Researchers tested polystyrene nanoplastics and copper oxide nanoparticles individually and in combination in brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and found synergistic toxicity — the combined exposure caused greater growth inhibition, oxidative stress, and cholinesterase disruption than either contaminant alone.
Individual and combined toxicities of fluorescent polystyrene nanoplastics and chromium(iii) nitrate nonahydrate in Artemia salina
Researchers investigated the individual and combined toxicity of fluorescent polystyrene nanoplastics and chromium(III) nitrate nonahydrate on the marine crustacean Artemia salina. The study found that interaction between the two contaminants in seawater formed micron-sized particles and altered nanoplastic fluorescence, suggesting that co-exposure may change the bioavailability and toxic potential of these pollutants in marine environments.
Particulate matter and nanoplastics: synergistic impact on Artemia salina
Combining nanoplastics with particulate matter (airborne or aquatic fine particles) produces worse outcomes for the brine shrimp Artemia salina than either pollutant alone, reducing survival and vitality. This synergistic toxicity is important because in real environments, nanoplastics rarely exist in isolation — they co-occur with other pollutants, making risk assessments based on single-contaminant studies likely to underestimate harm.
Ecotoxicity of emerging pollutants: Interactive impact of polystyrene nanoplastics and Metanil yellow on Artemia salina
Researchers exposed a common marine test animal, brine shrimp, to polystyrene nanoplastics combined with a synthetic yellow dye and found the mixture was far more toxic than either substance alone, killing over 93% of shrimp. The dye coated the nanoplastic surfaces, increased particle size, and amplified oxidative stress, showing that nanoplastics can make co-existing pollutants more dangerous.
Comparative toxicity of polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene nanoplastics on Artemia franciscana nauplii: a multidimensional assessment
Researchers compared the toxic effects of three common plastic types — polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene — in nanoplastic form on brine shrimp larvae. They found that all three types caused harm, but polystyrene nanoplastics were the most toxic across multiple biological measures. The study provides the first direct comparison showing that the chemical composition of nanoplastics significantly influences their toxicity to aquatic organisms.
Synergistic impact of nanoplastics and nanopesticides on Artemia salina and toxicity analysis
Researchers studied how polystyrene nanoplastics interact with nanopermethrin, a nano-sized pesticide, and their combined toxic effects on brine shrimp. The study found that nanoplastics acted as carriers for the pesticide, and the combination was significantly more toxic than either substance alone, lowering the lethal concentration from 4.5 to 3.1 mg per liter. These findings suggest that nanoplastics in the environment can amplify the harmful effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms.
Potential Toxicity in Crucian Carp Following Exposure to Metallic Nanoparticles of Copper, Chromium, and Their Mixtures: A Comparative Study
Copper and chromium nanoparticles were tested for toxicity in crucian carp, finding that mixtures of the two metals caused more harm than either alone. While focused on metal nanoparticles rather than nanoplastics, the findings are relevant because metals commonly attach to the surface of microplastics in water.
Single and combined toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics and copper on Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis: Perspectives from growth inhibition, chlorophyll content and oxidative stress
Researchers investigated the single and combined toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics and copper on the marine microalga Platymonas helgolandica. The study found that copper alone inhibited growth in a dose-dependent manner, while nanoplastics modified copper's bioavailability and altered the combined toxic response. The results suggest that the interaction between nanoplastics and heavy metals can produce complex toxicity patterns that differ from individual exposures.
Pharmaceutical Products and Pesticides Toxicity Associated with Microplastics (Polyvinyl Chloride) in Artemia salina
Researchers investigated the combined toxicity of polyvinyl chloride microplastics with pharmaceutical products and pesticides on brine shrimp, finding that microplastic mixtures altered the toxic effects of these chemical contaminants on aquatic organisms.
Time-dependent effects of polystyrene nanoparticles in brine shrimp Artemia franciscana at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels
Researchers tracked short- and long-term effects of cationic polystyrene nanoplastics on brine shrimp Artemia, finding that even low concentrations impair growth, trigger cumulative oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation, inhibit neural and developmental enzymes including cholinesterase and carboxylesterase, and alter gene expression governing molting and cell protection.
Impact of UVA and visible light conditions in modulating the toxicity of binary mixture of polystyrene micro plastics and TiO2 nanoparticles in brine shrimp (Artemia salina)
Researchers investigated how UVA and visible light conditions affect the combined toxicity of polystyrene microplastics and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in brine shrimp. They found that binary mixtures were more toxic than microplastics alone, with UVA irradiation enhancing oxidative stress and neurotoxicity from the nanoparticles. The study suggests that light conditions in marine environments can significantly modulate how microplastics and nanoparticles interact to harm aquatic organisms.
Screening of the Toxicity of Polystyrene Nano- and Microplastics Alone and in Combination with Benzo(a)pyrene in Brine Shrimp Larvae and Zebrafish Embryos
Researchers found that polystyrene nano- and microplastics alone showed minimal acute toxicity to brine shrimp and zebrafish embryos, but when combined with benzo(a)pyrene, the plastics altered the pollutant's bioavailability and toxic effects.
Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Polystyrene Microplastics Increases Hexavalent Chromium Toxicity in Aquatic Animals
Researchers found that environmentally relevant concentrations of polystyrene microplastics significantly increased the toxicity of hexavalent chromium across multiple aquatic species, acting as vectors that amplify heavy metal harm.
Polystyrene nanoplastics at predicted environmental concentrations enhance the toxicity of copper on Caenorhabditis elegans
Even at low concentrations found in the environment, polystyrene nanoplastics significantly increased copper toxicity in roundworms by boosting oxidative stress and triggering stress-response genes. The nanoplastics alone did not cause obvious harm, but when combined with copper, the damage was much worse than copper alone. This is concerning because in real-world soil and water, nanoplastics and heavy metals often occur together, potentially creating greater health risks than either pollutant individually.
Combined Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics and Pyriproxyfen to Daphnia magna
Researchers evaluated the combined toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and the insecticide pyriproxyfen on the water flea Daphnia magna under both acute and chronic exposure conditions. They found that nanoplastics initially reduced the acute toxicity of the pesticide within 24 hours but worsened chronic effects over longer periods. The study suggests that nanoplastics can alter how other environmental contaminants affect aquatic organisms, complicating risk assessments.
The single and combined effects of mercury and polystyrene plastic beads on antioxidant-related systems in the brackish water flea: toxicological interaction depending on mercury species and plastic bead size.
Exposure of small crustaceans to mixtures of mercury and polystyrene plastic beads showed complex toxicological interactions — the effects depended on both the size of the plastic beads and the chemical form of mercury. The findings highlight that the real-world health risks of plastic pollution cannot be understood in isolation from the other chemicals that co-occur with plastics in aquatic environments.
Quantification of the combined toxic effect of polychlorinated biphenyls and nano-sized polystyrene on Daphnia magna
Researchers investigated how nano-sized polystyrene particles modify the acute toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to Daphnia magna, finding that low concentrations of nanoplastics reduced PCB toxicity by binding and sequestering the chemicals, while high nanoplastic concentrations became directly lethal, reversing the protective effect.
Toxicological effects of microplastics and sulfadiazine on Artemia sinica
Researchers exposed the brine shrimp Artemia sinica to the antibiotic sulfadiazine and polystyrene microplastics individually and in combination, finding that all treatments reduced swimming speed and altered antioxidant capacity, with combined exposure producing exacerbated effects.
Co-Exposure of Nanopolystyrene and Other Environmental Contaminants—Their Toxic Effects on the Survival and Reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus
This study tested the combined toxicity of nanopolystyrene particles alongside pharmaceuticals, metals, and engineered nanomaterials on the soil worm Enchytraeus crypticus, finding that co-exposure often amplified harm to survival and reproduction beyond that of each pollutant alone. The results highlight that real-world mixtures of plastic and chemical contaminants pose greater ecological risks than single-substance assessments suggest.
Effects of chronic co-exposure polystyrene nanoplastics and cadmium on liver function in Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio)
Researchers exposed Prussian carp to polystyrene nanoplastics and cadmium, both individually and together, for 21 days and found that the combination caused significantly worse liver damage than either pollutant alone. The nanoplastics enhanced cadmium accumulation in the liver and amplified oxidative stress, tissue damage, and immune gene activation. The findings demonstrate that nanoplastics and heavy metals can have synergistic toxic effects on aquatic organisms.
Impacts of nanoplastics on Artemia franciscana larvae: effects on growth and proteins responses
This laboratory study found that nanoplastic particles reduced growth and feeding rates in Artemia franciscana (brine shrimp) larvae in a dose-dependent manner. The results demonstrate that nanoplastics — the smallest and potentially most biologically active plastic particles — can harm early-life-stage marine crustaceans at environmentally relevant concentrations.
Chronic toxicity effects of sediment-associated polystyrene nanoplastics alone and in combination with cadmium on a keystone benthic species Bellamya aeruginosa
Researchers conducted a 28-day sediment toxicity test to examine the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics alone and combined with cadmium on the freshwater snail Bellamya aeruginosa. The study found that nanoplastics increased cadmium bioavailability and facilitated its accumulation, leading to enhanced oxidative stress and cellular damage. The findings suggest that nanoplastics may amplify the toxicity of co-occurring heavy metal contaminants in freshwater sediments.
Humic acid alleviates the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in combination with their copper nanoparticle co-pollutants in Artemia salina
Researchers examined how humic acid, a natural organic substance found in soil and water, affects the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics combined with copper nanoparticles in brine shrimp. They found that humic acid reduced the harmful effects of these co-pollutants, likely by coating the particles and limiting their biological interactions. The study suggests that natural organic matter in the environment may help buffer some of the toxic effects of nanoplastic pollution.
Functionalized Nanoplastics (NPs) Increase the Toxicity of Metals in Fish Cell Lines
Researchers tested whether functionalized nanoplastics increase the toxicity of metals like arsenic and methylmercury in fish cell lines. The study found that amino-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles were the most cytotoxic on their own and significantly enhanced the toxic effects of metals when combined, suggesting that nanoplastics can act as carriers that amplify the harm of co-occurring pollutants.