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Impacts of nanoplastics on Artemia franciscana larvae: effects on growth and proteins responses
Summary
This laboratory study found that nanoplastic particles reduced growth and feeding rates in Artemia franciscana (brine shrimp) larvae in a dose-dependent manner. The results demonstrate that nanoplastics — the smallest and potentially most biologically active plastic particles — can harm early-life-stage marine crustaceans at environmentally relevant concentrations.
The\taccumulation\tof\tplastic\tlitter\ton\tbeaches\tand\topen\toceans\thave\tbeen\tidentified\tas\tone\t \nof\tthe\tmajor\tthreats\tin\tmarine\tecosystems\tworldwide. Laboratory\texperiments\thave\tproved\t \nthat\tthe\t formation\t of\tnano-sized\tplastics during\t the plastic degradation\tmay\t reach\tmarine\t \necosystem,\tconsidered\tas\tthe\tmost\tin\tdanger.\tWhile\tthe\timpact\tof\tmacro- and\tmicroplastics\t \non\tthe\tmarine\torganisms\tis\tworldwide well\tdocumented,\tthe\tleast\tknown\tand\tcharacterized\t \nfraction\tof\tmarine\tlitter,\tdue\tto\tits\tdifficult\tsampling\tand\tanalytical\tidentification, is\tprobably\t \nnanoplastics.\tPolystyrene\tnanoparticles\t(PS\tNPs),\twidely\tstudied\tfor drug\tdelivery in\thuman\t \nstudies,\t were\t recently\t recommended\t as\t nanoplastics\t model\t in\t ecotoxicological\t studies.\t In\t \npresent\t study\t the\timpact\tof\t 50\tnm\tcationic\tamino\tpolystyrene\t (PS-NH2)\twas\tevaluated\ton\t \nthe\t brine\t shrimp\t Artemia\t franciscana. Nanoparticles\t properties\t such\t as\t dimension,\t \ndispersion\t and\t surface\t charge\t were\t characterized\t using\t Dynamic\t Light\t Scattering\t (DLS)\t in\t \ntwo\t different\t environmental\t media,\t milli\t Q\t water\t (mQW)\t and\t natural\t sea\t water\t (NSW).\t \nAcute\t toxicity\t tests\twere\tperformed\ton\tA. franciscana exposed\t to different\t suspensions\tof\t \nPS-NH2\t (0.1,\t 1\t and\t 10\t μg/mL)\t in\t NSW\t for\t 48\t hours.\t Growth\t rate\t and\t several\t biomarkers\t \ninvolved\t in\t important\t physiological\t processes,\t such\t as biotransformation\t of\t xenobiotics\t \n(carboxylesterase,\t glutathione-S-transferase),\t neuronal\t transmission\t (cholinesterase)\t \ngeneral\t stress\t (Heat\tShock\t Protein)\tand oxidative\t stress\t (catalase) were\tevaluated
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