Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

The use of reference material in microplastic research: general aspects

This paper discussed general considerations for using certified reference materials in microplastic research, arguing that standardized reference materials are essential for ensuring that measurements are reproducible and comparable across different laboratories and studies. The lack of such standards remains a major limitation in the field.

2017
Article Tier 2

A novel proof of concept approach towards generating reference microplastic particles

This paper presented a proof-of-concept approach for generating standardized reference microplastic particles to improve comparability across analytical methods. The lack of consistent reference materials has been a key barrier to producing reliable and comparable microplastic research data.

2024 EPub Bayreuth (University of Bayreuth)
Article Tier 2

Development of new microplastic reference particles for usage in pre-defined numbers

This study developed new microplastic reference particles with defined numbers of particles per unit, addressing the lack of standardized reference materials that has hampered comparability across microplastic research studies and analytical methods.

2023 Research Square (Research Square) 3 citations
Article Tier 2

A proposed nomenclature for microplastic contaminants

Researchers propose a standardized naming system for microplastic contaminants to improve consistency across scientific studies. Clear, agreed-upon definitions are essential for comparing data across labs and regions, which is critical for understanding the true scope of microplastic pollution.

2021 Marine Pollution Bulletin 9 citations
Article Tier 2

A novel proof of concept approach towards generating reference microplastic particles

Researchers developed a new method for creating standardized reference microplastic particles that can be embedded in a dissolvable matrix in precise, known quantities. Current microplastic research suffers from a lack of consistent reference standards, making it difficult to compare results across different laboratories and methods. The approach could significantly improve the quality and comparability of microplastic measurements in environmental studies.

2024 Microplastics and Nanoplastics 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantification of microplastics: Which parameters are essential for a reliable inter-study comparison?

Inconsistent measurement methods make it very difficult to compare microplastic data across studies. This paper proposes standardized guidelines for quantifying microplastic size and shape distributions, which would allow scientists to better track pollution levels over time and across locations.

2020 Marine Pollution Bulletin 33 citations
Article Tier 2

Are we really producing environmentally relevant reference materials for microplastic studies?

This study critically evaluated whether current laboratory-produced microplastic reference materials adequately represent the properties of microplastics found in real environments, examining particle morphology, chemical composition, and surface characteristics. Significant gaps were identified between commercially available reference materials and environmentally relevant particles, limiting the ecological realism of ecotoxicology studies.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Small micro- and nanoplastic test and reference materials for research: Current status and future needs

This review highlights the critical shortage of well-characterized, environmentally relevant reference materials for studying small microplastics and nanoplastics. Most laboratory studies use commercially available spherical particles that do not represent the irregular, weathered particles found in nature. The authors call for developing standardized reference materials that better mimic real-world microplastic contamination to improve the reliability of exposure and hazard assessments.

2025 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Are we really producing environmentally relevant reference materials for microplastic studies?

This study evaluated whether laboratory-produced microplastic reference materials used in research adequately represent the physical and chemical properties of particles found in natural environments. Results found substantial differences between commercially available reference materials and environmentally weathered microplastics, undermining the ecological relevance of studies using pristine materials.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Microplastics: Finding a consensus on the definition

This paper reviewed the history and inconsistencies in microplastic definitions across the scientific literature and proposed a new comprehensive definition incorporating size, origin, material composition, and physical state. The proposed definition aims to resolve ambiguities that have led to non-comparable data across studies and hinder regulatory decision-making.

2018 Marine Pollution Bulletin 1947 citations
Article Tier 2

Standardizing microplastics used for establishing recovery efficiency when assessing microplastics in environmental samples

Researchers evaluated recovery efficiency practices in microplastic environmental assessment studies published in 2020, finding appreciable variability in the density and size of microplastic particles used across investigations, which undermines the ability to compare results between studies. The authors call for standardized recovery efficiency protocols using realistic microplastic mixtures that better reflect environmental sample conditions.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Innovative reference materials for method validation in microplastic analysis including interlaboratory comparison exercises

Researchers developed innovative reference materials for validating microplastic analysis methods, presenting interlaboratory comparison results that support quality assurance and standardization in the growing field of microplastic detection.

2023 Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 39 citations
Article Tier 2

How Relevant Is the Accumulated Research on Commercial Spherical Nano- and Microplastics?

A critical review asked how relevant research using commercial spherical plastic beads (a common lab standard) is to the irregularly shaped microplastics found in real environments. The analysis finds significant mismatches between lab model particles and environmental microplastics, urging more ecologically realistic experimental designs.

2025 Environmental Science & Technology Letters 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Reference materials for microplastics in environmental matrices

This paper discussed the development and use of reference materials for microplastic analysis in environmental matrices, addressing the urgent need for calibration standards to ensure comparable and reliable measurements across different laboratories. Standardized reference materials are a foundational requirement for credible, policy-relevant microplastic monitoring.

2018
Article Tier 2

Difficulties in Comparison Among Different Microplastic Studies: The Inconsistency of Results and Lack of Guide Values

This commentary examines the inconsistency of results across microplastic studies, arguing that differences in sampling methods, size thresholds, polymer identification protocols, and reporting formats make it nearly impossible to compare findings across studies or establish guide values for environmental management.

2021 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Seeking for a perfect (non-spherical) microplastic particle – The most comprehensive review on microplastic laboratory research

This comprehensive review of 715 laboratory studies on microplastics critically examines experimental methods and protocols, providing recommendations for standardizing future research including the need for non-spherical test particles that better represent real-world pollution.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 152 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic analysis—are we measuring the same? Results on the first global comparative study for microplastic analysis in a water sample

Researchers conducted the first international comparative study of analytical methods for microplastic analysis in a water sample and found that comparability between methods was highly limited, underscoring the urgent need for standardized protocols in microplastic research.

2019 Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 112 citations
Article Tier 2

Preparation and Analysis of Standard Microplastics

Researchers prepared and characterized standard microplastic samples from synthetic textiles, finding that microfilaments shed by fabrics are the dominant form and proposing methods for creating consistent reference materials for environmental monitoring studies.

2022 Environmental sciences 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Understanding Human Health Impacts Following Microplastic Exposure Necessitates Standardized Protocols

This overview examines the methods currently used to study how microplastics affect human health, highlighting significant inconsistencies in experimental approaches. Researchers identified challenges including the lack of standardized reference materials, variability in exposure conditions, and limited understanding of how microplastic doses translate to real-world exposure. The study proposes solutions to standardize protocols so that future research builds on a more reliable foundation.

2024 Current Protocols 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Preparation of a reference material for microplastics in water—evaluation of homogeneity

Researchers developed a candidate reference material for microplastics in water and evaluated its homogeneity, finding it suitable for use in laboratory intercomparison studies and as a tool for validating microplastic analytical methods.

2021 Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 65 citations
Article Tier 2

Advancing the quality of environmental microplastic research

This review examines the rapidly growing field of environmental microplastic research, discussing the methodological inconsistencies that limit comparability across studies and calling for improved quality standards to support robust regulatory and scientific conclusions.

2017 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 167 citations
Article Tier 2

Small micro- and nanoplastic test and reference materials for research: Current status and future needs

This review highlights the lack of realistic test materials for studying small microplastics and nanoplastics, noting that most lab studies use uniform, spherical particles that do not represent what is actually found in the environment. Better reference materials that match the irregular shapes, sizes, and chemical makeup of real-world plastic particles are needed to accurately assess risks to organisms and human health.

2024 Cambridge Prisms Plastics 23 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Gaps and Pathways Towards Standardized, FAIR Microplastics Data Harmonization: A Systematic Review

This systematic review examines why microplastic research data is so hard to compare across studies. It finds that a lack of standardized methods for collecting, analyzing, and reporting microplastic data is a major barrier, and proposes a framework for making research more consistent and useful for understanding health risks.

2026 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

Methods for sampling, processing, identification,and quantification of microplastics in the marine environment

This paper reviews and compares the various methods used to collect, process, identify, and quantify microplastics across different environmental samples. It highlights the lack of standardized protocols as a major obstacle to comparing results across studies and calls for methodological harmonization.

2020 Oceanography in Japan 12 citations