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Methods for sampling, processing, identification,and quantification of microplastics in the marine environment
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This paper reviews and compares the various methods used to collect, process, identify, and quantify microplastics across different environmental samples. It highlights the lack of standardized protocols as a major obstacle to comparing results across studies and calls for methodological harmonization.
海洋マイクロプラスチック汚染は，海洋が直面する地球規模課題の1つであり，近年，海洋マイクロプラスチック（MPs）に関する膨大な数の論文が出版されている。MPs をモニタリングする重要性が増す一方で，MPs の調査・計測手法は発展途上の段階にあり，多くの研究者が最適な手法を模索している。海洋MPs の主な調査・計測する手順は，（1）海水・堆積物・生物などの試料の採取，（2）夾雑物（有機物・無機物）を除去することでMPs を分離と精製，（3）検鏡と化学判別の組み合わせによるMPs の識別と同定からなる。それらの手法は多岐にわたり複雑である。本総説では海洋MPs の採取，前処理，同定，定量化の様々な手法について紹介するとともに，各手法の特徴と問題点を整理した。さらに今後のMPs 計測手法の方向性を述べる。
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