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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to Effect of micro- and nanoplastics as food contaminants on the immune system
ClearImmune Disruption and Disease Development by Microplastic Exposure
This review synthesized growing evidence that microplastic and nanoplastic exposure disrupts the human immune system, covering how particles ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin can trigger inflammation, impair immune cell function, and potentially contribute to autoimmune and allergic conditions.
Impacts of microplastics on immunity
This review examines the growing evidence that microplastics and nanoplastics can affect the immune system, covering studies in marine organisms, mammals, and human cell lines. Researchers found that these particles can trigger inflammation, alter immune cell function, and disrupt immune signaling pathways. The study underscores the need for more immunological research to fully understand how plastic particle exposure may compromise immune health in humans.
Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature
This review examines the evidence on how nano- and microplastics affect the immune system and intestinal health. The findings suggest that exposure to these particles can disrupt the gut microbiome and impair critical intestinal barrier functions, potentially contributing to the development of chronic inflammatory and immune conditions.
The Emerging Threat of Micro- and Nanoplastics on the Maturation and Activity of Immune Cells
This review examines how micro and nanoplastics affect the immune system, focusing on their impact on immune cell development and function. Studies show that these tiny plastic particles can alter how immune cells mature and respond to threats, potentially weakening the body's defenses or triggering excessive inflammation. Since humans are constantly exposed to microplastics through food, water, and air, understanding these immune effects is critical for assessing long-term health risks.
Immunotoxicity by Microplastics
This review examines how microplastics and nanoplastics, after entering the body through the gut, lungs, or skin, can disrupt the immune system by triggering inflammation, causing oxidative stress (cellular damage from unstable molecules), and impairing immune cell function, while highlighting major gaps in our understanding of these long-term health effects.
The impact of micro- and nanoplastics on immune system development and functions: Current knowledge and future directions
This review summarizes existing research on how micro- and nanoplastics affect the immune system, finding that exposure can disrupt blood cell development, alter immune cell behavior, and trigger inflammatory responses in lab and animal studies. While some studies show significant effects on organs like the spleen and intestines, others found minimal impact at environmentally realistic exposure levels, highlighting the need for more standardized research.
Effects of microplastics on the immune system: How much should we worry?
This review examines how microplastics may affect the human immune system, noting that people are mainly exposed through food and breathing. While early research shows microplastics can trigger inflammation and immune responses in lab and animal studies, the authors stress that more research is needed to understand what this means for human health at real-world exposure levels.
Nanoplastics and Immune Disruption: A Systematic Review of Exposure Routes, Mechanisms, and Health Implications
This systematic review found that nanoplastics — extremely tiny plastic particles — can cross biological barriers and disrupt immune function in laboratory studies. The evidence suggests these particles may trigger inflammation and could potentially contribute to autoimmune conditions, though human studies are still limited.
The Micronanoplastics-immune axis across organ systems: towards a research agenda
This review synthesizes current evidence on how micro- and nanoplastics interact with the immune system across multiple organ systems in the human body. Researchers examined the primary routes of exposure through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact, as well as the cellular mechanisms involved in immune response. The study highlights that microplastic-immune interactions may contribute to chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation, pointing to a need for standardized research frameworks.
Micro- and Nanoplastics and the Immune System: Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions
This review summarizes how micro- and nanoplastics disrupt the human immune system at the cellular level, impairing key immune cells like macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells. The particles trigger chronic low-grade inflammation through oxidative stress and activation of inflammatory pathways, and can worsen autoimmune conditions like lupus and inflammatory bowel disease in animal studies. These findings raise concerns that ongoing microplastic exposure could gradually weaken immune function and contribute to immune-related diseases in people.
Is There Evidence of Health Risks From Exposure to Micro- and Nanoplastics in Foods?
This review examines the evidence for health risks from micro- and nanoplastic exposure through food, noting that plastic particles can carry physical, chemical, and biological hazards. The study suggests that ingested plastics could contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune responses, and may even influence food allergy development by altering gut permeability and intestinal microbiome balance.
Do Engineered Nanomaterials Affect Immune Responses by Interacting With Gut Microbiota?
This review examined evidence that engineered nanomaterials including nanoplastics can indirectly modulate immune responses by altering gut microbiota composition, finding that while direct immunotoxicity is often mild, microbiome disruption provides an indirect pathway through which nanomaterials may impair host immunity.
Effect of Nanoplastics on Different Biological Systems
This review examines how nanoplastics affect multiple biological systems — including digestive, reproductive, nervous, and immune systems — synthesizing evidence that nanoplastics cross biological barriers and cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and physiological dysfunction across species.
Micro- and Nanoplastics and the Immune System: Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions
This review synthesizes experimental evidence on how micro- and nanoplastics disrupt immune system function, documenting effects on macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and T and B cells across multiple organs including the placenta, lungs, blood, and brain. The authors identify key mechanistic pathways and call for standardized exposure studies to clarify real-world health risks.
Potential risk assessment and toxicological impacts of nano/micro-plastics on human health through food products
This review examined the potential risks and toxicological effects of nano- and microplastics on human health through food products, identifying key contamination sources in the food chain and their harmful impacts on the body.
Micro- and nanoplastics as immunomodulatory vectors: synergistic interactions with pollutants and pathogens across aquatic food webs
This review examines how micro- and nanoplastics act as immunomodulatory vectors by adsorbing persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, and pathogenic microorganisms onto their surfaces, transporting these hazardous agents through aquatic food webs and enhancing combined immune disruption in exposed organisms.
Micro(nano)plastics in food system: potential health impacts on human intestinal system.
This review assessed how micro(nano)plastics in the human food system reach the intestine and accumulate in the gut, summarizing evidence that they can alter intestinal barrier function, trigger inflammation, and disrupt the gut microbiome, with implications for long-term digestive health.
[Effect of microand nanoplastics on the gastrointestinal mucosa and intestinal microbiome].
This review examines how micro- and nanoplastics entering through the food chain affect the gastrointestinal tract, finding evidence of disruption to gut mucosal integrity and intestinal microbiome composition, with implications for digestive health and systemic immune function.
Detrimental effects of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) on platelet and neutrophil immunity: Recent findings and emerging insights
Researchers reviewed how micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) harm the immune system, finding that tiny plastic particles can trigger dangerous inflammation in platelets and neutrophils — immune cells that control clotting and infection defense. These effects could disrupt normal blood vessel function and immune balance, though the exact mechanisms by which cells take up MNPs remain poorly understood.
Sorption, uptake, trophic transfer and immunotoxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics in the aquatic environment
This review examines how microplastics and nanoplastics are sorbed, taken up by organisms, transferred through food webs, and how they affect immune function in aquatic species. Researchers synthesize evidence showing these particles can accumulate across trophic levels and trigger immunotoxic effects, with implications for both wildlife and human health.
Microplastics occurrence, contamination, and effects on human health—a critical review
This critical review examined the occurrence of microplastics in the food chain and their potential effects on human health. The authors found that microplastics enter the body through food packaging and bioaccumulation in animals and plants, and may contribute to oxidative stress and immune system disruption. The review emphasizes the need for greater understanding of microplastic toxicity mechanisms in humans.
Source, migration path and pollution of microplastics and nano-plastics in food
This review traced the sources, migration pathways, and food contamination status of microplastics and nanoplastics, covering their entry into food chains through packaging, processing, environmental pollution, and water sources—and discussing potential accumulation in the human body and associated health risks.
Micro(nano)plastics and Their Potential Impact on Human Gut Health: A Narrative Review
This review summarizes research on how micro- and nanoplastics affect the gut, finding that they can damage the intestinal lining, trigger immune responses, and disrupt the balance of beneficial gut bacteria in both cell studies and animal models. Since humans are primarily exposed to microplastics through food and food packaging, understanding these gut effects is essential for assessing the true health risks of plastic pollution.
Cellular and Systemic Effects of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Mammals—What We Know So Far
This review summarized known cellular and systemic effects of micro- and nanoplastics in mammals, finding that while ingestion is common, knowledge of health impacts remains limited, with oxidative stress and inflammation as the most reported biological responses.