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Review ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Gut & Microbiome Human Health Effects Sign in to save

Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature

Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2020 658 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 60 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Nell Hirt, Mathilde Body–Malapel Mathilde Body–Malapel Nell Hirt, Mathilde Body–Malapel Mathilde Body–Malapel Mathilde Body–Malapel Mathilde Body–Malapel Mathilde Body–Malapel

Summary

This review examines the evidence on how nano- and microplastics affect the immune system and intestinal health. The findings suggest that exposure to these particles can disrupt the gut microbiome and impair critical intestinal barrier functions, potentially contributing to the development of chronic inflammatory and immune conditions.

Body Systems
Immune

Despite the scarcity of reports directly relevant to human, this review brings together a growing body of evidence showing that nano- and microplastic exposure disturbs the gut microbiota and critical intestinal functions. Such effects may promote the development of chronic immune disorders. Further investigation of this threat to human health is warranted.

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