Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Advances in understanding the reproductive toxicity of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in women

This review examines how endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A, phthalates, and triclosan may interfere with the female reproductive system. Evidence indicates that these chemicals, found widely in the environment, can disrupt hormone function and may contribute to adverse reproductive outcomes, though the precise mechanisms are still being studied.

2024 Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Implications of environmental toxicants on ovarian follicles: how it can adversely affect the female fertility?

This review examines how environmental toxicants, including endocrine disrupting chemicals, heavy metals, agrochemicals, and chemicals used in plastic and cosmetic industries, can adversely affect female fertility. Researchers found that these substances can interfere with follicle development and lead to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, and meiotic defects. The study highlights the difficulty of isolating individual risk factors since multiple toxicants often share common pathways of reproductive harm.

2021 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 61 citations
Clinical Trial Tier 1

A review of the impact of micro‐ and nanoplastics on female reproduction: What we know and gaps in knowledge

This review examines what is known about how micro- and nanoplastics affect female reproductive health. Animal studies show these particles accumulate in ovarian tissue, disrupt hormones, and cause oxidative stress, leading to hormonal imbalances and ovarian damage, though research in humans is still limited.

2025 International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
Article Tier 2

The effects of endocrine disruptors on the female reproductive system

This review examined how endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including those associated with plastics, affect the female reproductive system by interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. The authors summarize evidence linking EDC exposure to disrupted hormone signaling, impaired fertility, and increased risk of reproductive disorders.

2025 TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Systematic Review Tier 1

Impact of microplastics on female reproductive health: insights from animal and human experimental studies: a systematic review

This systematic review of 15 experimental studies found that microplastic exposure significantly impairs ovarian function, decreases fertility rates, and disrupts hormone levels in female subjects. Several studies also reported negative effects on embryo development and offspring health, though study quality varied and more rigorous research is needed to confirm mechanisms.

2025 Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Endocrine-disruptor endpoints in the ovary and thyroid of adult female rats exposed to realistic doses of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Female rats injected with daily doses of DEHP for 21 days showed disrupted ovarian follicle development and altered thyroid gland structure at doses within the range of human environmental exposure. The results provide experimental evidence that DEHP acts as an endocrine disruptor targeting both reproductive and thyroid hormonal axes in females.

2022 Journal of Water and Health 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Human Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Phthalate Esters through Adverse Outcome Pathways: A Comprehensive Mechanism Analysis

Researchers used machine learning techniques to build adverse outcome pathways for understanding how phthalate esters, commonly used as plasticizers in plastics, may disrupt the human endocrine system. The study identified key molecular features and biological events that influence endocrine disruption effects, providing a framework for assessing the potential health impacts of phthalate exposure.

2023 International Journal of Molecular Sciences 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Exposição De Microplásticos E Nanoplásticos Ao Tecido Ovariano: Uma Revisão Integrativa

This integrative review examines the impact of micro- and nanoplastics on female ovarian tissue, synthesizing animal model studies showing damage to follicular structures, increased oxidative stress, and disrupted reproductive hormone signaling.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Potential Role of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: An Environmental Health Narrative Review

This narrative review explores the potential role of micro- and nanoplastics in the development of endometriosis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. The authors examine how plastic particles detected in human blood, reproductive tissues, and other biological samples could modulate molecular pathways involved in immune dysregulation, oxidative stress, and hormonal signaling. While direct causation has not been established, the review suggests that environmental plastic exposure warrants further investigation as a possible contributing factor to endometriosis.

2026 Journal of Education Health and Sport
Article Tier 2

Concerning influences of micro/nano plastics on female reproductive health: focusing on cellular and molecular pathways from animal models to human studies

This review summarizes research showing that micro- and nanoplastics can harm the female reproductive system in multiple ways, from reducing ovarian reserves and disrupting hormone balance to accumulating in the placenta and breast milk. Animal studies show these particles trigger oxidative stress and inflammation in reproductive tissues, and human studies have confirmed their presence in placental tissue and infant feces, raising concerns about effects on fertility and fetal development.

2024 Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 38 citations
Article Tier 2

Exposição De Microplásticos E Nanoplásticos Ao Tecido Ovariano: Uma Revisão Integrativa

This integrative review (in Portuguese) examines published evidence on the effects of micro- and nanoplastic exposure on female ovarian tissue morphology, finding disrupted folliculogenesis, oxidative stress, and hormonal interference reported across animal model studies.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Environmental Pollution, Endocrine Disruptors, and Metabolic Status: Impact on Female Fertility—A Narrative Review

This narrative review synthesizes evidence on how environmental pollutants—including fine particulate matter, BPA, phthalates, PFAS, and microplastics—impair female fertility by reducing ovarian reserve, implantation rates, and assisted reproductive technology success, particularly when combined with metabolic conditions.

2025 Reproductive Medicine
Article Tier 2

Microplastics as Emerging Contaminants: Investigating their Potential to Alter Human Metabolic and Endocrine Systems

This review investigated the potential of microplastics to alter human hormone signaling, synthesizing evidence that plastic particles and their chemical additives can act as endocrine disruptors at environmentally relevant concentrations. The paper highlighted reproductive and metabolic pathways as areas of particular concern.

2024
Article Tier 2

PFAS Toxicity and Female Reproductive Health: A Review of the Evidence and Current State of Knowledge

This review synthesizes recent evidence on the connection between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and female reproductive health. The evidence suggests that PFAS exposure is associated with reduced fertility, increased risk of miscarriage, and altered menstrual cycle dynamics through mechanisms including endocrine disruption and oxidative stress. The review emphasizes the need for further research and policy changes to mitigate PFAS exposure and protect reproductive health.

2025 Substantia 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Current insights into the impact of plastic-derived pollutants (phthalates), microplastics, and nanoplastics on hypothalamic phenotype and molecular pathways: A scoping review

This scoping review integrates evidence on how phthalates, microplastics, and nanoplastics alter hypothalamic function and neuroendocrine pathways, finding that plastic-derived pollutants disrupt metabolic regulation through hypothalamic alterations with potential systemic consequences for energy balance and reproductive function.

2025 Environmental Pollution
Article Tier 2

Environmental Chemicals and Female Reproductive Health: Unraveling Mechanisms and Societal Impacts — A Narrative Review

This narrative review examined how per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, heavy metals, pesticides, microplastics, and other environmental chemicals disrupt female reproductive health through mechanisms including oxidative stress, hormonal disruption, and epigenetic modifications. The authors reviewed impacts on ovarian function, menstrual regularity, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes.

2025 Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
Article Tier 2

Research Progress on the Correlation between Environmental Phthalate Exposure and Thyroid Hormone Level

This review examines how phthalate plasticizers — widely used in food packaging, toys, and medical supplies — disrupt thyroid hormone levels after environmental release, drawing on epidemiological and toxicological evidence linking phthalate exposure to thyroid dysfunction. The findings highlight phthalates as endocrine-disrupting chemicals with significant public health implications.

2023 Journal of medicine and health science.
Article Tier 2

Emerging pollutants in etiology and pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome

This review explores how emerging environmental pollutants, including microplastics, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, and nanoparticles, may contribute to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome. The study suggests these pollutants can interfere with hormonal pathways and may play a role in the pathophysiology of this common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women.

2023 Reproductive Toxicology 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Nano and microplastics: unveiling their profound impact on endocrine health

This review summarizes existing research showing that micro- and nanoplastics can disrupt the endocrine (hormone) system, altering reproductive hormones, thyroid function, and gene expression in lab and animal studies. Exposure to these particles triggered inflammation markers and oxidative stress in hormone-producing organs, suggesting that widespread plastic pollution may be contributing to rising rates of hormonal and reproductive health problems.

2025 Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 18 citations
Article Tier 2

The Impact of Endocrine Disruptions on Animal and Human Organism

This review examines how endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including bisphenol A, phthalates, and micro- and nanoplastics, interfere with hormonal balance in animals and humans. Researchers describe how these substances interact with hormone receptors, induce epigenetic changes, and disrupt cell signaling pathways affecting reproduction, metabolism, and neurological function. The study highlights that nanoparticles, including microplastics, may amplify endocrine disruption and calls for more research into the molecular pathways involved.

2025 Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology and Food Sciences 1 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

A systematic review on the effect of microplastics on the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis based on animal studies

This systematic review of animal studies found that microplastics — especially polystyrene — disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, consistently decreasing estradiol levels and causing ovarian apoptosis and oxidative stress damage. These findings raise concerns about microplastic exposure as a potential contributor to female reproductive health problems in humans.

2025 Toxicology Letters 2 citations
Article Tier 2

The risk of short-term microplastic exposure on female reproductive function: A rat model study

Researchers investigated the effects of short-term microplastic exposure on female reproductive function in rats and found that even brief exposure disrupted hormone levels and altered ovarian and uterine tissue. Higher concentrations of microplastics led to thinning of the uterine lining and changes in steroid hormone receptor expression. The study suggests that even intermittent microplastic exposure may pose risks to reproductive health.

2025 NanoImpact 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Endokrinine sistema ardantys junginiai aplinkoje: įtakojantys moteru reprodukcine sveikata

This Lithuanian-language review examines endocrine-disrupting compounds found in plastics and industrial chemicals, focusing on their effects on women's reproductive health including hormone disruption, fertility impairment, and risks during pregnancy.

2025 Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
Article Tier 2

Plastics and its effect to women reproductive systems

This article reviews how plastic pollution, including microplastics and the hormone-disrupting chemicals they contain, may affect women's reproductive health. It connects widespread plastic use to endocrine disruption, menstrual irregularities, and fertility concerns, though much of the evidence comes from laboratory and animal studies.

2020 Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 2 citations