Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Research progress on the sources and toxicology of micro (nano) plastics in environment

This review covers sources, distribution, and toxicity of micro- and nanoplastics across soil, water, and air, including effects on organisms and human health. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge on environmental microplastic contamination and its consequences.

2018 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and nanoplastics: Source, behavior, remediation, and multi-level environmental impact

This review summarizes existing research on where microplastics and nanoplastics come from, how they move through air, water, and soil, and their toxic effects on living organisms from marine life to humans. Once ingested, these particles accumulate in the body over time through a process called bioaccumulation and can become more concentrated as they move up the food chain. The authors highlight that effectively addressing plastic pollution will require combining cleanup technologies with strong regulatory policies.

2024 Journal of Environmental Management 101 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the Environment: Uptake, Bioaccumulation and Impacts on Plants, Animals and Humans Health: A Review

This review examines microplastic uptake, bioaccumulation, and health impacts across plants, animals, and humans. The study summarizes current evidence on how microplastic particles smaller than 5 mm have been detected in all environmental compartments and are entering biological systems through multiple exposure pathways.

2026 SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the Environment: Uptake, Bioaccumulation and Impacts on Plants, Animals and Humans Health: A Review

This review comprehensively examines microplastic contamination across all environmental compartments including soil, air, water, and oceans, and their detection in food, animals, and humans. The study summarizes how humans are exposed to microplastics through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption, and discusses the bioaccumulation of these particles in plants, animals, and human tissues.

2026 International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
Article Tier 2

Emergence of Nanoplastic in the Environment and Possible Impact on Human Health

This review examines how plastic materials fragment into nanoplastics and potentially accumulate in the environment, with a focus on their possible impacts on human health. Researchers discuss how these tiny particles can enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, and describe how they interact with cells at the molecular level. The study highlights that nanoplastics behave very differently from larger plastics due to their size and surface properties, raising concerns that warrant further investigation.

2019 Environmental Science & Technology 1134 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Environment: Sources, Toxicity, and Ecological Implications

This review summarized the sources, environmental distribution, toxicological effects, and ecological impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics, drawing on two decades of research across marine, freshwater, soil, and atmospheric environments. The paper highlighted the global scale of MNP contamination and the urgent need for policy action to reduce plastic pollution.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

The growing threats and mitigation of environmental microplastics

This review summarizes the growing threat of microplastic pollution across soil, air, and water, and its harmful effects on marine life, land animals, and humans. Microplastics enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, where they can suppress the immune system, cause inflammation, blood cell damage, and even death in organisms. The review highlights that as plastics age and break down, they become more toxic and more easily absorbed by living things.

2024 Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology 33 citations
Review Tier 2

A review on microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment: Their occurrence, exposure routes, toxic studies, and potential effects on human health

This review summarizes what is known about how microplastics and nanoplastics enter the human body through food, air, and skin contact, and what they do once inside. Studies on cells and animals show these tiny particles can cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and harm to the immune, digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems. The research makes clear that microplastics are not just an environmental problem but a direct concern for human health.

2022 Marine Pollution Bulletin 379 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Nanoplastics and Related Chemicals

This review provides a broad overview of microplastics and nanoplastics as environmental contaminants, covering their sources, distribution across water, soil, and air, and their potential toxic effects on organisms. Researchers summarized evidence showing that these particles can accumulate in food chains and interact with other chemical pollutants, potentially amplifying health risks. The study emphasizes the need for standardized detection methods and comprehensive risk assessments across different environmental compartments.

2024 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro(nano)plastics sources, fate, and effects: What we know after ten years of research

Researchers summarized a decade of advances in micro- and nanoplastic (MnP) research, documenting how these particles have been found in every environment on Earth — including air, snow, soil, and human tissue — and in thousands of species, with confirmed harmful effects. The review highlights major breakthroughs in detection methods while noting that the full scope of health impacts, especially at the nano scale, is still being uncovered.

2022 Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 239 citations
Article Tier 2

The Fate of Micro/Nano Plastic Pollutants in the Natural Environment

This review explains how micro- and nanoplastics form through physical, chemical, and biological breakdown of larger plastic debris, and then traces their fate across land, water, and living organisms at every level of the ecological hierarchy. The authors discuss methods for identifying and classifying these particles and summarize the ecotoxicological risks they pose as they accumulate and interact with other pollutants. It provides a broad-level framework for understanding where microplastics end up in nature and why that matters for both ecosystem and human health.

2023
Article Tier 2

Micro- and Nano-Plastics Contaminants in the Environment: Sources, Fate, Toxicity, Detection, Remediation, and Sustainable Perspectives

This review provides a broad overview of micro- and nanoplastic pollution, covering where these particles come from, how they spread through the environment, and the damage they cause to living things including humans. The authors also compare different methods for removing microplastics from the environment, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The paper calls for more research and global cooperation to develop better tools for measuring the health risks of plastic pollution.

2023 Water 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental Impacts of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: A Current Overview

This review examined the environmental impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics across ecosystems, highlighting that these tiny particles behave differently from larger plastic debris and can absorb and transport toxic chemicals. Researchers found evidence that these particles transfer through food chains from lower organisms to higher animals, including humans. The study also explored natural biodegradation processes and current efforts to reduce plastic pollution in the environment.

2021 Frontiers in Microbiology 230 citations
Article Tier 2

Harmful Effects of Plastics, Microplastics, and Nanoplastics

This review examines the harmful effects of plastics at all size scales, from bulk plastic waste down to micro- and nanoplastics, on both ecosystems and human health. Researchers documented how plastic degradation products accumulate in the environment and enter food chains through soil, water, and air. The study highlights the growing body of evidence linking plastic pollution to adverse effects in wildlife and potential risks to human well-being.

2024 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and Nanosized Plastic: An Alarming Threat to One’s Health

This review examines the health hazards of micro- and nanoplastic exposure to humans and animals, covering the formation, distribution, and toxicological effects of particles generated through biotic and abiotic degradation of the approximately 12.7 million tons of plastic released annually into the environment. The authors highlight inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact as key exposure routes and summarize evidence for cytotoxicity, inflammation, and endocrine disruption.

2024 ACS symposium series
Article Tier 2

Toxicological impact of micro- and nano-plastics on organisms of soil and water, plants, and humans: a comprehensive review.

This review examined the toxicological impacts of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPLs) on soil and aquatic organisms, plants, and humans. It synthesized evidence of cellular damage, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and reproductive toxicity across multiple biological levels.

2025 Environmental science and pollution research international
Article Tier 2

Toxicity assessment of microplastic (MPs); a threat to the ecosystem

This review describes how microplastics enter the food chain through contaminated soil, water, food, and household products, and have been confirmed present in the human body. Microplastics damage soil structure, harm soil microorganisms, reduce plant growth, and once inside humans through various exposure routes, may trigger inflammation and other health effects.

2023 Environmental Research 174 citations
Review Tier 2

Micro- and nanoplastics: origin, sources of intake and impact on human health (literature review)

This literature review synthesizes mechanisms by which micro- and nanoplastics interact with living organisms, examining their physicochemical properties, routes of human exposure, and documented health effects across multiple organ systems.

2025 Hygiene and Sanitation
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Environment: Sources, Toxicity, and Ecological Implications

This review covered the sources, environmental fate, toxicological effects, and ecological risks of microplastics and nanoplastics across all environmental compartments. The authors emphasized the bioaccumulation potential, persistence, and toxic effects of MNPs and called for coordinated international efforts to address this global contamination challenge.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Impact of Microplastics in Day to Day Life

This review provides an overview of how microplastics are formed from degrading larger plastic items and how they affect living organisms through ingestion, inflammation, and chemical toxicity. The authors summarize routes of human exposure through food, water, and air and call for urgent policy action to reduce plastic production. The paper is aimed at communicating the scope of the microplastics problem to a broad scientific audience.

2021 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Pollution in the Environment

This book chapter provides an overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution as emerging environmental contaminants, describing their formation, persistence in the environment, pathways of biological exposure, and potential toxicity to ecosystems and human health.

2025
Article Tier 2

Scientific Evidence about the Risks of Micro and Nanoplastics (MNPLs) to Human Health and Their Exposure Routes through the Environment

Researchers reviewed the scientific evidence on exposure routes and health risks of micro- and nanoplastics to humans through environmental pathways. The study examined how plastic particles found in soil, water, and air enter the body primarily through ingestion and inhalation, and how they interact with the gastrointestinal tract. Evidence indicates that these particles can adsorb additives, heavy metals, and microorganisms on their surfaces, potentially contributing to toxic effects.

2022 Toxics 70 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro and nano-plastics, a threat to human health?

This review examines the threat micro- and nanoplastics pose to human health, discussing how these persistent particles accumulate in organs including lungs, the gastrointestinal system, and blood, and how their chemical composition and size influence toxicity.

2022 PubMed 38 citations
Review Tier 2

Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Environment: Current State of Research, Sources of Origin, Health Risks, and Regulations—A Comprehensive Review

This review summarizes the current state of research on micro- and nanoplastics found in air, water, and soil worldwide. These tiny plastic particles pose significant threats to human health including oxidative stress, inflammation, cellular damage, and possible cancer-causing effects, and the authors call for stronger regulations and more research into how they harm the body.

2025 Toxics 24 citations