Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Human Toxicity of Nano‐ and Microplastics

This review summarizes current evidence on the human toxicity of nano- and microplastics, covering ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure routes and the biological effects documented in experimental systems. The authors assess the state of the evidence and identify key gaps for risk characterization.

2024 1 citations
Review Tier 2

Microplastics and Human Health: A Comprehensive Review on Exposure Pathways, Toxicity, and Emerging Risks

This comprehensive review examines microplastic exposure pathways in humans, methods of detection, and the potential toxic effects on various biological systems. The study highlights growing evidence that microplastics can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, and may affect multiple organ systems, though significant uncertainties remain about long-term health outcomes.

2026 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

An Investigation into the Environmental and Human Health Implications of Microplastic Toxicity

This review synthesizes evidence on how microplastics are distributed throughout the environment, the routes by which people are exposed (food, water, and air), and the health effects documented in experimental studies. The authors find significant links between microplastic exposure and adverse health outcomes and call for urgent regulatory action and more research into long-term human health risks.

2023 Social Science Humanities and Sustainability Research 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Origin, environmental presence and health effects of microplastics

This review synthesizes current knowledge on the origins, environmental distribution, and health effects of microplastics, covering exposure pathways (ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact) and associated health risks including oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic disruption, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and potential carcinogenicity.

2022 Acta Biologica Szegediensis 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Human exposure to micro- and nanoplastic: biological effects and health consequence

This review summarized the biological effects and health consequences of human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics, covering routes of uptake (ingestion, inhalation, dermal), cellular toxicity mechanisms, and systemic health risks identified in recent experimental and epidemiological studies.

2023 Reviews in Biological and Biomedical Sciences 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Multiple Effects, Pathways, and Potential Health Risks from Environmental Microplastic Exposure

This review synthesizes nearly two decades of research on the multiple pathways through which environmental microplastics affect human and ecological health, including chemical toxicity, physical impacts, and potential roles as carriers of pathogens and contaminants.

2025 Toxics
Review Tier 2

Plastics, microplastics, and human contamination: A literature review

This literature review synthesizes research on human contamination by plastics and microplastics, covering ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure routes and summarizing documented health effects across organ systems.

2024 Seven Editora eBooks
Article Tier 2

A review on threats of microplastics on human health

This review examined threats to human health from microplastics, covering ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure routes along with evidence from animal and in vitro studies. The paper is a brief overview published in an Indian medical journal.

2025 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Holistic Health
Article Tier 2

The Impact of Microplastic on Human Health

This review synthesized evidence on microplastic exposure pathways and health effects in humans, finding that microplastics enter the body via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact and are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, genotoxicity, and endocrine disruption.

2021 Current Biotechnology 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the Environment

This review surveys global evidence for microplastic contamination in environmental and human samples, covering exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, and examining known and potential health risks. The authors note that despite frequent detection, the causal evidence linking microplastic exposure to specific human health outcomes remains limited, calling for more rigorous toxicological and epidemiological research.

2024 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Potential human health risk assessment of microplastic exposure: current scenario and future perspectives

This review assessed the potential human health risks from microplastic exposure across various pathways including ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The study highlights that the small size of microplastics enables their global transport to even remote regions, and discusses current evidence on how microplastics may affect human health through physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms.

2022 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 42 citations
Article Tier 2

Human Health and Microplastics: An Emerging Concern

This review examines the growing global concern over microplastic contamination of natural ecosystems and human health, covering sources including personal care products and fragmenting larger plastics, and exposure pathways including ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. The authors summarize current evidence for toxicological effects and call for standardized methods and stronger regulatory responses.

2024
Article Tier 2

Environmental exposure to microplastics: An overview on possible human health effects

This review examines the potential health effects of human exposure to microplastics through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Researchers found that microplastic exposure may cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune system disruption, with the body's inability to break down synthetic particles potentially leading to chronic inflammation. The study emphasizes that while evidence of harm is growing, microplastic toxicity varies greatly depending on particle properties, concentration, and individual susceptibility.

2019 The Science of The Total Environment 2348 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Environmental Setting: A Review on Sources, Exposure Routes and Potential Toxicities on Human Health

This review examines microplastics in environmental settings, synthesizing current knowledge on sources, distribution across terrestrial and aquatic compartments, fate processes, and ecological consequences. The authors identify priority research areas needed to address remaining uncertainties in microplastic risk assessment.

2024 Bioresources and Environment 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxicity and mechanism analysis of microplastics

This review summarized experimental evidence on the toxicity and mechanisms of action of microplastics across animal models, covering effects from ingestion including organ damage, oxidative stress, and immune disruption. The synthesis aimed to inform risk assessment for environmental and human health impacts of microplastic exposure.

2024 Transactions on Materials Biotechnology and Life Sciences
Review Tier 2

Micro- and nanoplastics: origin, sources of intake and impact on human health (literature review)

This literature review synthesizes mechanisms by which micro- and nanoplastics interact with living organisms, examining their physicochemical properties, routes of human exposure, and documented health effects across multiple organ systems.

2025 Hygiene and Sanitation
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in humans: Current evidence of presence and their role in organ toxicity

This comprehensive review examined how microplastics enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, dermal absorption, and maternal-fetal transfer, summarizing documented evidence of MP presence and toxic effects across multiple organs.

2025 International Journal of Biology Sciences
Article Tier 2

Research progress on the sources and toxicology of micro (nano) plastics in environment

This review covers sources, distribution, and toxicity of micro- and nanoplastics across soil, water, and air, including effects on organisms and human health. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge on environmental microplastic contamination and its consequences.

2018 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic and nanoplastic transfer, accumulation, and toxicity in humans

Researchers reviewed human exposure routes to micro- and nanoplastics — via air, water, and food — and summarized reported toxicological outcomes, identifying ingestion and inhalation as primary entry points and flagging oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption as key health concerns warranting further study.

2021 Current Opinion in Toxicology 72 citations
Article Tier 2

The Toxicity of Plastics

This review synthesized over 200 studies on plastic toxicity, examining the physical, chemical, and biological threats posed by macro- and microplastics to ecosystems and human health, including their ability to cross biological barriers and carry chemical contaminants.

2023 IntechOpen eBooks 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and Nanosized Plastic: An Alarming Threat to One’s Health

This review examines the health hazards of micro- and nanoplastic exposure to humans and animals, covering the formation, distribution, and toxicological effects of particles generated through biotic and abiotic degradation of the approximately 12.7 million tons of plastic released annually into the environment. The authors highlight inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact as key exposure routes and summarize evidence for cytotoxicity, inflammation, and endocrine disruption.

2024 ACS symposium series
Article Tier 2

Unseen Hazards—Toxicological Effects and Human Health Impacts of Nanoplastics and Microplastics

This review covers the toxicological effects of microplastics and nanoplastics in humans, examining exposure routes (oral, inhalation, dermal), tissue distribution, and mechanisms of harm including oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption. It emphasises the importance of particle size, polymer type, and adsorbed chemical additives in determining toxicity.

2025 Applied Sciences
Article Tier 2

The exposure routes of micro- and nanoplastics and their potential toxic effects on human health

This review summarized current knowledge about how micro- and nanoplastics enter the human body through breathing, eating, and skin contact. The study discusses evidence from laboratory and animal studies suggesting these particles may affect the reproductive, respiratory, digestive, and immune systems, though researchers note that more human studies are needed to fully understand the health implications.

2024 Medycyna Pracy 7 citations
Review Tier 2

Potential Health Impact of Microplastics: A Review of Environmental Distribution, Human Exposure, and Toxic Effects

This review summarizes existing research on how microplastics are found throughout the environment and in human samples, entering the body through food, air, and skin contact. Lab studies in cells and animals show microplastics can cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, immune reactions, brain toxicity, and reproductive harm, and early human health data links microplastic exposure to several chronic diseases.

2023 Environment & Health 519 citations