Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Updated and comprehensive characterization factors for microplastics in life cycle assessment considering multimedia fate modelling

Researchers updated and expanded characterization factors for microplastics in life cycle assessment, allowing better quantification of plastic pollution impacts on ecosystem quality and human health. The new factors cover a broader range of particle types and environmental compartments than previous versions.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Regionalized characterization factors for microplastic emissions in life cycle assessment considering multimedia fate modelling

This study developed regionalized characterization factors for microplastic emissions in life cycle assessment (LCA), using multimedia fate modeling to account for how plastics distribute across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial compartments. The new factors improve the accuracy of plastic product environmental impact assessments, which had previously underestimated ecosystem quality impacts.

2025 Journal of Cleaner Production
Article Tier 2

Regionalized Characterization Factors for Microplastic Emissions in Life Cycle Assessment Considering Multimedia Fate Modelling

Researchers developed location-specific impact factors for microplastic emissions to be used in life cycle assessments, accounting for how plastics move between air, water, soil, and sediment. Their model covers nine world regions and shows that the environmental impact of microplastic emissions varies significantly depending on where they are released. The study helps fill a gap in current environmental impact tools, which tend to overlook plastic pollution when comparing products.

2025 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Developing human noncancer and reproductive/developmental effect factors for nano- and microplastics exposure in LCA

Researchers developed non-cancer and reproductive/developmental effect factors for nano- and microplastics to support human health risk assessment in life cycle assessment frameworks. The derived factors provide a quantitative basis for comparing microplastic health risks with other chemical stressors in product assessments.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Developing human noncancer and reproductive/developmental effect factors for nano- and microplastics exposure in LCA

This study developed noncancer and reproductive/developmental effect factors for nano- and microplastics for use in life cycle impact assessment, filling a gap in toxicological characterization needed to include plastic particles in environmental health accounting. The framework supports integrating microplastic health impacts into standardized life cycle assessments.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Systematic Review Tier 1

It is time to develop characterization factors for terrestrial plastic pollution impacts on ecosystems in life cycle impact assessment – a systematic review identifying knowledge gaps

Researchers reviewed how plastic pollution is — and is not — accounted for in life cycle assessments (LCAs), which are tools used to measure a product's full environmental footprint. They found that while ocean plastic impacts have been partially modeled, freshwater and terrestrial plastic pollution, including microplastics, are still missing from standard environmental impact calculations, leaving a major blind spot in sustainability analysis.

2025 The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic litter in life cycle assessment: Advances of the marine impacts in life cycle assessment international taskforce and application to case studies

Researchers reviewed advances in incorporating marine plastic litter impacts into life cycle assessment, focusing on recently developed indicators for biodiversity and ecosystem quality. The new indicators allow LCA practitioners to account for plastic pollution when comparing product systems and informing design choices.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Life-cycle Assessment of Microplastics in the Environment

This chapter applied life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to examine the full environmental impact of microplastics, from production through environmental release, covering ecological and human health impacts, methodological challenges of applying LCA to persistent pollutants, and knowledge gaps for future research.

2025
Article Tier 2

How Relevant Are Direct Emissions of Microplastics into Freshwater from an LCA Perspective?

This study assessed the relevance of direct microplastic emissions into freshwater from a life cycle assessment perspective, providing initial inventory data and identifying key knowledge gaps needed to incorporate microplastic impacts into environmental assessments.

2021 Sustainability 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Methodology to address potential impacts of plastic emissions in life cycle assessment

Researchers proposed a new method for including the environmental impact of plastic emissions in life cycle assessments, which currently tend to make plastic products appear less harmful than alternatives. The approach introduces characterization factors based on how long different plastics persist in the environment. The study suggests that accounting for plastic pollution in these assessments could significantly change how the environmental footprint of plastic products is evaluated.

2022 The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 86 citations
Article Tier 2

Modeling marine microplastic emissions in Life Cycle Assessment: characterization factors for biodegradable polymers and their application in a textile case study

Researchers developed new methods for measuring the environmental impact of biodegradable plastic microplastic emissions using life cycle assessment. They found that microplastic degradation rates may be overestimated when based on data from larger plastic pieces, and that microplastic emissions could account for up to 30% of the total environmental impact in a textile case study. The work aims to improve the accuracy of environmental comparisons between conventional and biodegradable materials.

2025 Frontiers in Toxicology 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Strategies for efficient management of microplastics to achieve life cycle assessment and circular economy

This review examines strategies for managing microplastic waste through a circular economy and life cycle assessment (LCA) lens, arguing that current recycling practices and waste disposal methods are inadequate given the sheer volume of plastics entering ecosystems. The authors propose a conceptual framework integrating LCA principles into microplastic management to better quantify ecological risks and guide more sustainable plastic use policies.

2023 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Development of simplified characterization factors for the assessment of expanded polystyrene and tire wear microplastic emissions applied in a food container life cycle assessment

Researchers developed simplified characterization factors for assessing the environmental impacts of expanded polystyrene and tire wear microplastic emissions in life cycle assessment. The study modeled fate mechanisms for microplastics in the marine environment and applied the factors to a food container case study. The findings provide a methodology for incorporating microplastic pollution impacts into standard environmental assessment frameworks.

2022 Journal of Industrial Ecology 50 citations
Article Tier 2

An effect factor for macro- and microplastic ingestion impacts on marine ecosystems for use in life cycle assessment

Researchers developed a global effect factor to quantify the fraction of marine air-breathing vertebrate species—mammals, seabirds, and sea turtles—potentially affected by macro- and microplastic ingestion, providing a tool to incorporate plastic impacts into Life Cycle Assessment.

2025 Marine Pollution Bulletin
Article Tier 2

How accurate is plastic end-of-life modeling in LCA? Investigating the main assumptions and deviations for the end-of-life management of plastic packaging

Researchers reviewed 49 life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on plastic packaging disposal and found that most models oversimplify real-world recycling processes and ignore key factors like plastic additives and microplastic generation. These gaps mean current environmental impact estimates for plastic disposal may significantly understate the true ecological costs.

2023 Sustainable Production and Consumption 40 citations
Article Tier 2

Microfibers in Life Cycle Assessment: Comparing the Physical Effects of Cellulosic and Synthetic Fibers via Characterization Factors Development

Researchers developed characterization factors for comparing the physical ecotoxicity of cellulosic and synthetic microfibers in Life Cycle Assessment, finding that despite high environmental abundance, cellulosic fibers had been previously excluded from LCA comparisons due to lack of species sensitivity data.

2025
Review Tier 2

A critical review on plastic waste life cycle assessment and management: Challenges, research gaps, and future perspectives

This review examines the full environmental impact of plastics from production through disposal, noting that life cycle assessments often produce unexpected results when comparing bio-based and petroleum-based plastics. A major gap exists because microplastic pollution is not yet factored into these environmental assessments, despite growing evidence of its ecological harm.

2024 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 137 citations
Article Tier 2

Unveiling the complex impact of microplastics on environmental health, ecosystems, and humans

This comprehensive review consolidates current knowledge on microplastic pollution across marine, freshwater, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments. Researchers examined sources, transport pathways, impacts on living organisms, sampling techniques, and regulatory challenges, highlighting significant gaps in understanding the full scope of microplastic effects on ecosystems and human well-being.

2026 Journal of Environmental Management
Article Tier 2

The biography of microplastics (MPs): occurrences, sources, weathering/degradation, characterization, ecological/human risks, removal methods, policy development, and current trends and future perspectives

This comprehensive review covers the full lifecycle of microplastics, from their sources and environmental breakdown to their effects on ecosystems and human health. The authors discuss how physical, chemical, and biological processes fragment larger plastics into microplastics and nanoplastics that spread through air, water, and soil. The review emphasizes the growing evidence that microplastic exposure poses risks to human health and calls for stronger policies and standardized research methods.

2024 Anthropocene Coasts 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Current understanding of microplastics in the environment: Occurrence, fate, risks, and what we should do

This review synthesizes current knowledge on microplastic occurrence, environmental fate, and risk across marine, freshwater, and atmospheric compartments, noting that both the physical particles and the chemicals they carry pose hazards. The authors call for a more integrated risk assessment framework that treats microplastics as both a pollutant and a carrier of other pollutants.

2017 Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 262 citations
Article Tier 2

An effect factor approach for quantifying the impact of plastic additives on aquatic biota in life cycle assessment

Researchers developed a preliminary effect factor approach to quantify the environmental impact of plastic additives on aquatic organisms within life cycle assessment frameworks, addressing a critical gap in how marine plastic chemical impacts are characterized.

2022 The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental prevalence, fate, impacts, and mitigation of microplastics—a critical review on present understanding and future research scope

This critical review evaluates the environmental prevalence, fate, impacts, and mitigation of microplastics across aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial environments as well as human tissues. It discusses membrane-based and other treatment technologies for microplastic removal, identifying persistent monitoring and standardization challenges.

2020 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 57 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental emission, fate and transformation of microplastics in biotic and abiotic compartments: Global status, recent advances and future perspectives

This global review synthesizes knowledge on the emission, environmental fate, and transformation of microplastics across biotic and abiotic compartments, identifying key research gaps and future priorities for understanding the full plastic pollution lifecycle.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 73 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Micro/nanoplastics as environmental mediators: A systematic review of sources and interfacial processes driving cross-media transport and impacts

This systematic review advances a process-based framework for understanding how micro- and nanoplastics move between terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric environments. The findings reveal that cross-media transport pathways are poorly integrated in existing research, meaning the full scope of human exposure to microplastics across environmental compartments is likely underestimated.

2026 Journal of Hazardous Materials