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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to Size-Dependent Internalization of Microplastics and Nanoplastics Using In Vitro Model of the Human Intestine—Contribution of Each Cell in the Tri-Culture Models
ClearMechanisms of ingested polystyrene micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) uptake and translocation in an in vitro tri-culture small intestinal epithelium
Researchers used a sophisticated laboratory model of the human small intestine to study how micro- and nanoplastics cross the gut barrier after simulated digestion. They found that smaller nanoplastics were absorbed more efficiently than larger microplastics, and the particles used multiple cellular pathways to cross the intestinal lining. The study provides new evidence about the mechanisms by which ingested plastic particles could potentially reach the bloodstream.
Complex intestinal and hepatic in vitro barrier models reveal information on uptake and impact of micro-, submicro- and nanoplastics
Using laboratory models of human intestinal and liver barriers, researchers studied how plastic particles of different sizes cross from the gut into the body. Smaller nanoplastics (25 nm) were more readily taken up than larger microplastics, and the intestinal mucus layer provided some protection against particle absorption. The study also found signs of oxidative stress and changes in how liver cells process foreign substances after plastic exposure, providing insight into how ingested microplastics could affect human organs.
Uptake and Effects of Micro‐, Submicro‐ and Nanoplastics Investigated on in vitro Models of the Intestinal Barrier and the Liver
Researchers investigated the uptake and toxic effects of micro-, submicro-, and nanoplastics using in vitro models of the intestinal barrier and liver to assess how plastic particles of different sizes interact with gastrointestinal and hepatic cells. The study examined cellular internalization, barrier integrity, and metabolic responses to characterize size-dependent toxicity mechanisms.
An inverted in vitro triple culture model of the healthy and inflamed intestine: Adverse effects of polyethylene particles.
Using a laboratory model of the human intestinal lining, researchers tested how polyethylene microplastics affect intestinal cells and found they disrupted the barrier function of the gut wall. A compromised intestinal barrier allows larger molecules and particles to pass into the body, which could amplify the health effects of microplastic ingestion.
The internal dose makes the poison: higher internalization of polystyrene particles induce increased perturbation of macrophages
Researchers exposed human macrophages, key immune cells, to polystyrene particles of different sizes and found that smaller particles were internalized more readily and caused greater cellular disruption. Nanoscale plastics triggered stronger inflammatory responses and more oxidative stress than larger microplastics. The study suggests that the amount of plastic actually absorbed by immune cells, not just the amount present in the environment, determines how harmful the exposure is.
Beyond microplastics - investigation on health impacts of submicron and nanoplastic particles after oral uptake in vitro
Researchers compared how human intestinal and liver cells take up microplastics versus submicron and nanoplastics and found that smaller plastic particles (under 1 micrometer) pass through gut cells in larger amounts and behave differently depending on their chemical makeup. The findings suggest nanoplastics from contaminated food and beverages may be more bioavailable — meaning more likely to enter the body — than larger microplastic particles.
Advanced epithelial lung and gut barrier models demonstrate passage of microplastic particles
Researchers tested microplastics of various sizes, shapes, and materials on advanced lab models of human lung and gut tissue, finding that several types — including polystyrene spheres and nylon fibers — physically crossed the tissue barrier, disrupted its integrity, and triggered inflammation, providing direct evidence that microplastics can penetrate our body's defenses.
A novel 3D intestine barrier model to study the immune response upon exposure to microplastics
Scientists developed a three-dimensional in vitro intestinal model using human epithelial cell lines (Caco-2 and HT-29) to study the immune response to ingested microplastics, finding that microplastics induced inflammatory cytokine release and altered barrier integrity in a dose-dependent manner.
Plastic nanoparticle toxicity is accentuated in the immune-competent inflamed intestinal tri-culture cell model
Researchers tested nanoplastic toxicity using an advanced intestinal cell model that includes immune cells to simulate both healthy and inflamed gut conditions. They found that plastic nanoparticle exposure caused greater damage in the inflamed model, with immune-competent cells showing increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, suggesting that individuals with existing intestinal inflammation may be more vulnerable to nanoplastic exposure.
Cellular internalization and release of polystyrene microplastics and nanoplastics
Scientists studied how polystyrene plastic particles of different sizes enter and exit living cells. They found that particles 50 and 500 nanometers in size can penetrate cell membranes and get taken up through multiple pathways, while 5-micrometer particles are too large to enter cells. This research helps explain why smaller nanoplastics may be more harmful to human health, as they can more easily get inside our cells and accumulate there.
New Insights in Microplastic Cellular Uptake Through a Cell-Based Organotypic Rainbow-Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Intestinal Platform
Using a lab model of rainbow trout intestine, researchers showed that microplastics (1-5 micrometers) can break through the gut barrier by disrupting the tight junctions that hold intestinal cells together. The plastic particles were then taken up by both surface cells and deeper tissue cells through a process called macropinocytosis. This helps explain how microplastics in food can cross the gut wall and potentially spread to other organs.
Quantification of Polystyrene Uptake by Different Cell Lines Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Label-Free Visualization of Intracellular Polystyrene Particles by Raman Microspectroscopic Imaging
Scientists tested how human cells take up polystyrene microplastic particles using three cell types that represent the lung lining, intestinal lining, and immune system. All three cell types absorbed the microplastic beads, with immune cells showing different uptake patterns compared to the barrier cells of the lungs and gut. This study confirms that microplastics can enter human cells through multiple exposure routes, including breathing and eating, and that immune cells may play a special role in processing these particles.
Uptake and effects of orally ingested polystyrene microplastic particles in vitro and in vivo
Researchers studied the uptake and effects of orally ingested polystyrene microplastic particles using human intestinal cell models and rodent experiments. They found that smaller microplastics were taken up by intestinal cells and could cross the gut barrier, though the majority passed through the digestive system. The study suggests that while most ingested microplastics are excreted, a fraction can be absorbed, warranting further investigation into long-term health effects.
Micro- and nanoplastics differ in particle-mucus interactions: The sight on rheological properties, barrier dysfunction and microbiota dysbiosis
Researchers compared how micro- and nanoplastics interact with the protective mucus layer lining the intestines and found that nanoplastics were wrapped in mucus while microplastics were not. Both particle sizes disrupted the gut barrier and altered the gut microbiome in mice at environmentally relevant doses, but through different mechanisms. The study suggests that the mucus layer, a key line of defense in the gut, responds differently depending on plastic particle size, with implications for understanding how ingested plastics may affect digestive health.
Molecular mechanism differences between nanoplastics and microplastics in colon toxicity: nanoplastics induce ferroptosis-mediated immunogenic cell death, while microplastics cause cell metabolic reprogramming
This study discovered that nanoplastics and microplastics damage the colon through completely different mechanisms depending on their size: nanoscale particles (100 nm) get inside cells and trigger a type of cell death called ferroptosis, while larger particles (10 micrometers) cause physical damage and force cells to switch their energy production. These findings suggest that the smallest plastic particles may pose unique health risks to the gut that differ from larger ones.
Biological effects of polystyrene micro- and nano-plastics on human intestinal organoid-derived epithelial tissue models without and with M cells.
Researchers exposed human intestinal organoid-derived epithelial tissue models with and without M cells to polystyrene micro- and nano-plastics, finding that nano-plastics caused greater disruption of barrier integrity and uptake than micro-plastics, and that M cell-containing models showed enhanced particle translocation compared to standard epithelial models.
The potential effects of microplastic pollution on human digestive tract cells
Researchers tested polystyrene particles of four different sizes on human colon and small intestine cells to assess the potential effects of microplastic ingestion. They found that the smallest nanoscale particles were more readily taken up by cells and caused greater reductions in cell viability and increased oxidative stress. The study suggests that smaller plastic particles may pose a greater risk to the human digestive tract than larger ones.
Effects of bisphenol A and nanoscale and microscale polystyrene plastic exposure on particle uptake and toxicity in human Caco-2 cells
Researchers studied how human intestinal Caco-2 cells take up polystyrene plastic particles of five different sizes ranging from 300 nanometers to 6 micrometers. The study found that smaller particles were taken up at higher rates and that co-exposure with bisphenol A increased cellular toxicity, suggesting that nanoscale plastics may pose a greater risk to human intestinal cells than larger microplastics.
The Role of the Size and Surface Chemistry of Polystyrene Micro- and Nanobeads in the Interaction with an Advanced In Vitro Tri-Culture Intestinal Barrier Model
Researchers studied how the size and surface chemistry of polystyrene micro- and nanobeads affect their interaction with an advanced three-cell-type intestinal barrier model. The study examined how particle characteristics influence uptake, barrier integrity, and inflammatory responses in the gut lining. The findings suggest that both size and surface modifications play important roles in determining how plastic particles interact with intestinal tissue.
Elucidating the Size‐Dependency of In Vitro Digested Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Intestinal Cells Health and Function
Polystyrene microplastics of different sizes were subjected to simulated in vitro digestion and then applied to human intestinal cells, with smaller particles causing greater disruption to cell health and barrier function than larger ones. The results suggest that the smallest microplastics reaching the human gut pose the greatest risk to intestinal integrity.
Toxicity, uptake, and nuclear translocation of ingested micro-nanoplastics in an in vitro model of the small intestinal epithelium
Researchers tested the toxicity and uptake of various micro- and nanoplastics in a laboratory model of the small intestinal lining. They found that carboxylated nanoplastics significantly reduced cell viability and increased intestinal permeability, with the smallest particles (25 nm) showing the greatest uptake. Strikingly, some nanoplastic particles were found inside cell nuclei, suggesting they can penetrate deep into cellular structures after ingestion.
Digestion of microplastics with simulated gastrointestinal conditions mitigates uptake by intestinal epithelial cells: Quantified by imaging flow cytometry
Researchers studied how simulated digestion affects the uptake of microplastics by intestinal cells. They found that microplastics that had been through a simulated digestive process were taken up at significantly lower rates compared to pristine particles. The findings suggest that digestive conditions may reduce how many microplastics actually cross the intestinal barrier, which is important for understanding real-world human exposure.
Exposure of Polystyrene Nano- and Microplastics in Increasingly Complex In Vitro Intestinal Cell Models
Researchers tested polystyrene nano- and microplastics across increasingly realistic models of the human intestine and found that only the smallest particles (50 nm) could cross the intestinal barrier. A mucus layer -- like the one in real human guts -- significantly reduced particle crossing, which is reassuring but highlights the need for more research on long-term, real-world exposure levels.
Nanoscale Material Size Shapes Distinct Immune Transcriptional States Under Physiological Flow
Scientists exposed human immune cells to tiny plastic particles (nanoplastics) similar to those found in our blood from pollution, and discovered that different sized particles trigger different immune responses. The smaller 40-nanometer particles caused different changes in immune cells compared to larger 200-nanometer particles, and when both sizes were present together, the immune system responded in unexpected ways rather than just adding up the individual effects. This research helps us understand how the growing amount of plastic pollution in our bodies might be affecting our immune systems in complex ways we're just beginning to discover.