Papers

61,005 results
|
Article Tier 2

Determination of Tire Wear Particle-Type Polymers by Combination of Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Soxhlet Extraction

Researchers developed a method combining quantitative NMR spectroscopy with Soxhlet extraction to identify and quantify tire wear particle polymers including natural rubber, styrene-butadiene copolymer, ethylene-propylene copolymer, and polybutadiene. Limits of quantification ranged from 3 to 43 µg per sample with recovery rates of 72-92%, offering an alternative to IR and Raman spectroscopy which are impaired by tire additives and fillers.

2024 Preprints.org
Article Tier 2

A Tiered Quantification and Source Mapping Framework for Tire Wear Particle Analysis in Environmental Matrices

Researchers developed an improved method for quantifying tire wear particles in environmental samples using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based on real tire tread composition. The approach achieved 94-113% accuracy, a significant improvement over previous methods, and includes a tiered framework for distinguishing tire-derived signals from other interference. This methodology enables more reliable tracking of tire wear particles, a major but often underestimated source of microplastic pollution.

2025 Environmental Science & Technology 5 citations
Article Tier 2

ATiered Quantification and Source Mapping Frameworkfor Tire Wear Particle Analysis in Environmental Matrices

Researchers developed a tiered quantification and source mapping framework for tire wear particles (TWPs) in environmental matrices, using pyrolysis GC-MS with real tread-derived calibration curves to improve quantification accuracy across heterogeneous tread compositions.

2025 Figshare
Article Tier 2

A novel method for the quantification of tire and polymer-modified bitumen particles in environmental samples by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectroscopy

Researchers developed a novel pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry method for quantifying tire and polymer-modified bitumen particles in environmental samples, improving the detection of what may be the largest source of microplastic pollution.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 108 citations
Article Tier 2

Correlation between py-GC-MS and microscopically determined tire wear concentration and tire wear-related markers in snowmelt and soil samples

Researchers validated correlations between pyrolysis-GC-MS quantification and microscopy-based tire wear measurements using marker substances in snowmelt and soil samples, establishing whether lower-cost chemical marker approaches can serve as reliable proxies for expensive direct analytical methods in environmental tire abrasion monitoring.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Tire Wear Particles (TWPs) in Road Dust Using a Novel Mode of Operation of TGA-GC/MS

This study developed qualitative and quantitative methods for analyzing tire wear particles (TWPs) in road dust, using a combination of analytical techniques to distinguish rubber particles from other road dust components. Accurate TWP quantification is essential for assessing their contribution to environmental microplastic burdens.

2024 Environmental Science & Technology Letters 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Car and truck tire wear particles in complex environmental samples – A quantitative comparison with “traditional” microplastic polymer mass loads

Researchers extended an existing Py-GC/MS method to include tire wear particles (TWP) alongside conventional microplastics in North Sea samples, finding that TWP represent a dominant mass fraction of environmental MPs often excluded from polymer-based surveys.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 186 citations
Article Tier 2

Identification and quantification of tire wear particles by employing different cross-validation techniques: FTIR-ATR Micro-FTIR, Pyr-GC/MS, and SEM

Researchers developed and cross-validated methods using FTIR-ATR, micro-FTIR, pyrolysis-GC/MS, and scanning electron microscopy to identify and quantify tire wear particles in highway stormwater runoff. The study optimized pretreatment methods to extract tire wear particles without degradation, providing more accurate identification and reducing the risk of underestimating this important source of microplastic pollution.

2023 Environmental Pollution 70 citations
Article Tier 2

Methods for laboratory-generation and physico-chemical characterisation of tyre wear particles

Researchers developed a lab method to generate tire wear particles using a friction machine and then identified a suite of chemical compounds that could serve as reliable markers for detecting these particles in environmental samples. Tire wear is one of the largest single sources of microplastic pollution globally, yet quantifying it in the environment has been hampered by the lack of agreed marker compounds. This work lays groundwork for standardized monitoring of tire particle pollution in soils and waterways.

2024 Detritus 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Novel method for the characterization and quantification of rubber particles in air samples and human blood

This study developed a novel method to characterize and quantify tire and road wear rubber particles in environmental samples, identifying natural and synthetic rubber polymers including vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber as the dominant components. The method advances monitoring capabilities for one of the largest sources of microplastic emissions globally.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Quantification of tire wear particles in road dust based on synthetic/natural rubber ratio using pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry across diverse tire types

Researchers developed an improved method for measuring tire wear particles in road dust that accounts for differences in rubber composition across tire brands and types. They found that the standard ISO method, which assumes a fixed ratio of synthetic to natural rubber, can significantly misestimate tire wear concentrations. The refined approach provides more accurate measurements of this major source of microplastic pollution from road traffic.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 21 citations
Article Tier 2

Variation in Abundance Ratio of Isoprene and Dipentene Produced from Wear Particles Composed of Natural Rubber by Pyrolysis Depending on the Particle Size and Thermal Aging

Researchers found that the pyrolysis product ratio of isoprene to dipentene in natural rubber tire wear particles increases as particle size decreases and with thermal aging — a finding with implications for more accurate quantification of tire wear particles in environmental samples.

2023 Polymers 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Correlation between py-GC-MS and microscopically determined tire wear concentration and tire wear-related markers in snowmelt and soil samples

Researchers evaluated correlations between pyrolysis-GC-MS measurements and microscopically determined tire wear concentrations alongside tire wear-related chemical markers in snowmelt and soil samples, testing whether lower-cost marker-based analytical approaches could reliably estimate tire abrasion loads compared to expensive spectroscopic methods.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Adapting Methods for Isolation and Enumeration of Microplastics to Quantify Tire Road Wear Particles with Confirmation by Pyrolysis GC–MS

Researchers adapted microplastic analysis methods for isolating and counting tire road wear particles from environmental samples, a challenging task due to the varied composition and density of these particles. They found that alkaline digestions are compatible with tire rubber but hydrogen peroxide can damage the particles, and developed visual criteria to distinguish tire particles from bitumen. The adapted methods were validated with road dust samples and confirmed by electron microscopy and pyrolysis mass spectrometry.

2025 Environmental Science & Technology 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Novel method for the characterization and quantification of rubber particles in air samples and human blood

Researchers developed a novel method to characterize and quantify rubber particles from tire and road wear in air samples, targeting natural rubber and styrene butadiene rubber. The method addresses a key gap in monitoring one of the largest sources of environmental microplastics.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Quantification of tire tread wear particles in microparticles produced on the road using oleamide as a novel marker

A novel analytical method using oleamide, a compound incorporated into tire rubber for processing purposes, as a chemical marker was developed and validated to quantify tire tread wear particles in road microparticle samples, offering improved specificity over existing benzothiazole-based approaches for source attribution of tire-derived microplastics.

2021 Environmental Pollution 61 citations
Article Tier 2

Chemical Leaching from Tire Wear Particles with Various Treadwear Ratings

Researchers investigated how tire treadwear ratings affect chemical leaching from tire wear particles, finding that benzothiazole compounds leached at different rates depending on tire type, with an additional derivative (2-mercaptobenzothiazole) detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The findings suggest that using benzothiazole alone as a quantification marker for tire wear particles can lead to inaccurate estimates of environmental contamination.

2022 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Characteristics of Real-world Non-exhaust Particulates from Vehicles

Researchers characterized non-exhaust particulate emissions from vehicle tire and road wear, collecting atmospheric PM samples with a high-volume quartz filter sampler and using pyrolysis-GC/MS to analyze tire rubber markers including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, quantifying the contribution of tire-brake-road wear particles to urban air pollution.

2022 Preprints.org 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Real-Time Pyrolysis Dynamics of Thermally Aged Tire Microplastics by TGA-FTIR-GC/MS

Researchers used a combined thermal analysis and spectroscopy technique (TGA-FTIR-GC/MS) to characterise in real time how tire wear particles — a major but often overlooked type of microplastic — break down when heated, releasing a range of potentially toxic organic compounds. Understanding the pyrolysis chemistry of aged tire microplastics is important for assessing the contamination risks they pose to aquatic and terrestrial environments as they degrade.

2023 Water 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Challenges with Quantifying Tire Road Wear Particles: Recognizing the Need for Further Refinement of the ISO Technical Specification

Analysis of 39 commercially available tire tread samples from Australia and Norway using Py-GC/MS found that synthetic rubber content was highly variable (<0.05–28%), challenging a key assumption of ISO technical specifications for quantifying tire road wear particles.

2021 Environmental Science & Technology Letters 106 citations
Article Tier 2

Dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis of rubber release from tires into the environment

A dynamic material flow analysis model estimated the annual and cumulative release of rubber from vehicle tires into the environment via road wear, finding that tire rubber represents a substantial fraction of total microplastic pollution in terrestrial and aquatic systems. The study helps quantify this important but often overlooked microplastic source.

2019 Environmental Pollution 184 citations
Article Tier 2

Priorities to inform research on tire particles and their chemical leachates: A collective perspective.

An international interdisciplinary network of researchers identified priority research areas for understanding the ecological impacts of tire particles and their chemical leachates — a rapidly growing area of concern given that tire wear particles are one of the largest sources of microplastics in urban runoff. The priorities span toxicology, exposure assessment, and regulatory relevance.

2024 Environmental research
Article Tier 2

Characteristics of Real-world Non-exhaust Particulates from Vehicles

Researchers analyzed non-exhaust particulate emissions from vehicles by collecting tire and atmospheric PM samples, using pyrolysis-GC/MS and ICP/MS to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals as markers, and found that tire and road wear particles contribute substantially to atmospheric particulate matter with toxicological implications.

2022 Preprints.org 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Method for Identification of Black Microplastics by Using Tire Library

This study developed a tire rubber library to improve identification of black microplastics — tire and road wear particles — using FTIR spectroscopy, which struggles with carbon black-containing materials. Tire particles are a major and often undetected category of microplastic pollution in urban runoff.

2022 Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers Ser G (Environmental Research) 5 citations