Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

QuantifyingNanoplastics and Microplastics in Foodand Beverages Using Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry:Challenges and Implications

Researchers evaluated pyrolysis-GC/MS for quantifying nanoplastics and microplastics in common foods and beverages, assessing sensitivity and detection limits across polymer types. The method successfully detected multiple polymer types in food samples but showed limitations for nanoplastics at very low concentrations, highlighting gaps in current dietary exposure assessment.

2025 Figshare
Article Tier 2

Micro- and nanoplastics: Contamination routes of food products and critical interpretation of detection strategies

This review evaluates current methods for detecting micro and nanoplastics in food and beverages, from sample preparation to chemical identification. The authors highlight significant challenges including detection sensitivity limits, interference from food matrices, and a lack of standardized protocols. Better analytical tools are needed to accurately assess how much microplastic contamination people are actually consuming.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 33 citations
Article Tier 2

Determination of microparticles, in particular microplastics in beverages

This study reviewed and tested methods for detecting microparticles including microplastics in beverages, addressing a gap in food safety monitoring. The research is relevant to understanding human exposure to microplastics through drinking water and packaged beverages.

2020 OPUS Repository (Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg) 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantitative analysis of nanoplastics in environmental and potable waters by pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Scientists developed and validated a new method to detect and measure nine types of nanoplastics in drinking and environmental water at very low concentrations. They found nanoplastics in every water sample tested, with polyethylene, PET, polypropylene, and polystyrene being the most common at levels up to 1.17 micrograms per liter. This is one of the first studies to quantify nanoplastics in drinking water, confirming that people are regularly exposed through their tap water.

2023 Journal of Hazardous Materials 154 citations
Article Tier 2

Identification, Quantification, and Presence of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Beverages Around the World

Researchers reviewed studies from around the world examining microplastics in beverages including water, beer, soft drinks, and other drinks. They found microplastics were present in virtually all beverage types tested, with concentrations ranging widely and particles originating from water sources, packaging materials, and processing surfaces. The findings raise concerns about ongoing low-level human exposure through everyday drinks.

2024 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Human Consumption of Microplastics

Researchers evaluated the American diet and estimated that the average person consumes between 39,000 and 52,000 microplastic particles per year through food alone, with the number rising significantly when inhalation and bottled water consumption are included. The study analyzed data from 26 prior studies covering common food categories. The findings highlight that microplastic exposure through everyday eating and drinking is widespread and substantial.

2019 Environmental Science & Technology 2428 citations
Article Tier 2

Human exposure to microplastics via the consumption of nonalcoholic beverages in various packaging materials: The case of Hong Kong

Researchers tested 50 packaged nonalcoholic beverages in Hong Kong and found microplastics in every single one, with an estimated annual intake of about 6,200 microplastic particles per person from beverages alone. The contamination came from both the packaging materials and airborne particles during manufacturing, showing that everyday drinks are a meaningful source of human microplastic exposure.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 42 citations
Article Tier 2

Food Contamination with Micro-plastics: Occurrences, Bioavailability,Human Vulnerability, and Prevention

The study reviews the occurrence, bioavailability, and potential health impacts of microplastics in food, noting that contamination has been detected in foodstuffs and beverages worldwide. Researchers highlight that current data on dietary microplastic exposure remains insufficient for comprehensive risk assessment, and call for standardized methodologies to better evaluate the threat to human health.

2023 Current Nutrition & Food Science 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Chemical Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Challenges, Advanced Methods, and Perspectives

This review covers the latest laboratory methods for detecting and measuring microplastics and nanoplastics in environmental samples like water, food, and air. Identifying these tiny particles is extremely challenging because they vary enormously in size, shape, and plastic type, and concentrations can differ by billions of times between samples. Better standardized detection methods are essential for accurately understanding how much microplastic humans are actually exposed to.

2021 Chemical Reviews 927 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Foods and Beverages

This review examines microplastic contamination across a wide range of food and beverage products, describing the detection techniques used to identify microplastic particles and summarizing findings on which products are most affected. The authors also discuss the potential health consequences of human dietary microplastic ingestion.

2024 Repository of the Faculty of Food Technology Osijek
Article Tier 2

Micro and nano plastics: contaminants in beverages and prevention strategies

This review examines how microplastics and nanoplastics end up in beverages through plastic packaging, bottling processes, and environmental contamination. Researchers discuss the potential health risks these tiny particles pose to consumers and evaluate current detection methods, noting the need for standardized testing. The study recommends advanced filtration, alternative packaging materials, and stronger regulations as strategies to reduce plastic contamination in drinks.

2024 Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Analytical method development and occurrence of microplastics from daily food containers

This study developed and optimized analytical methods for detecting microplastics in food containers and estimated human ingestion through this exposure pathway. The research supports the widely-cited estimate that people ingest about 5 grams of plastic per week, and provides improved detection methods for food safety monitoring.

2020
Article Tier 2

MPs in drinking water and beverages: Concentrations, characteristics and implications for human exposure

Researchers reviewed 10 years of studies on microplastics in drinking water, bottled water, tea, coffee, and other beverages, finding that contamination levels vary widely by region, packaging type, and how hot the liquid gets. Children face disproportionately higher exposure relative to body weight, and the review highlights a critical need for standardized testing methods to better assess health risks from daily beverage consumption.

2025 Emerging contaminants 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Synthetic microplastics in hot and cold beverages from the UK market: Comprehensive assessment of human exposure via total beverage intake

Researchers tested 155 common hot and cold beverages from UK stores and found microplastics in every single sample. Hot tea had the highest levels at about 60 particles per liter, and hot beverages consistently contained more microplastics than cold ones, suggesting that heat causes more plastic to leach from packaging. Based on typical UK drinking habits, the estimated daily microplastic intake from beverages alone was 3,432 to 6,864 particles per person.

2025 The Science of The Total Environment 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic contamination: a human health concern and an analytical challenge

This review examined how microplastics (5 mm–0.1 μm) and nanoplastics (down to 1 nm) contaminate food, water, and air, summarizing harmful effects on marine and terrestrial ecosystems and discussing analytical challenges in detecting and quantifying these particles in environmental and food matrices.

2025 UniTERAMO Research Catalog (University of Teramo)
Article Tier 2

Microplásticos como contaminantes emergentes na alimentação humana: desafios para a saúde pública

This systematic review analyzed the impact of microplastics in the human food supply and found that MPs are present in beverages, seafood, vegetables, salt, and food packaging made from PET, polystyrene, and polyethylene. The study estimates annual human consumption at 74,000 to 121,000 microplastic particles, with sources including bottled water, tea bags heated above 95 degrees Celsius, and baby bottles heated to 100 degrees Celsius.

2026 Instituto Politécnico do Porto
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and nanoplastics in food, water, and beverages; part I. occurrence

Researchers reviewed what is currently known about the presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, water, and beverages, concluding that while contamination has been detected across many products, a lack of standardized detection methods makes it difficult to fully assess the food safety risks to human health.

2022 TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 154 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastic and microplastic contamination in Australian carbonated beverages: Measurement by pyrolysis-GC-MS and the challenge of poly(ethylene terephthalate) oligomer interference

Researchers measured nanoplastic and microplastic contamination in Australian carbonated beverages using pyrolysis-GC-MS and assessed whether local water sources contributed to the contamination signature. PET oligomers from bottle material were the dominant contaminants and caused analytical interference, highlighting the challenge that packaging-derived plastic signatures can confound environmental particle measurements.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials Plastics
Article Tier 2

Assessing exposure of the Australian population to microplastics through bottled water consumption

Researchers analyzed 16 brands of bottled water sold in Australia and found microplastics present across all samples tested. The study identified polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene particles, with concentrations varying between brands and water sources. The findings provide the first assessment of microplastic exposure through bottled water consumption for the Australian population and raise questions about the safety of this common drinking water source.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 88 citations
Article Tier 2

Challenges and Recent Analytical Advances in Micro/Nanoplastic Detection

This review covers the challenges scientists face in detecting and measuring micro- and nanoplastics in the environment, especially for particles smaller than one micrometer. Current analytical methods have significant limitations for identifying nanoplastics due to their extremely small size and diverse chemical compositions. Improving detection technology is essential for accurately assessing how much microplastic contamination exists in water, food, and human tissues.

2024 Analytical Chemistry 41 citations
Article Tier 2

Challenges and Advances in Analytical Techniques to Detect Micro- and Nanoplastics

This research review summarizes the current methods scientists use to detect and study microplastics and nanoplastics - tiny plastic particles that can get into our environment, food, and bodies. The authors explain that identifying these extremely small plastic pieces is very challenging and requires advanced laboratory techniques to understand what types of plastics they are and how much is present. Better detection methods are important because we need to understand how much plastic pollution we're exposed to and its potential effects on human health.

2026
Article Tier 2

Unintended human ingestion of nanoplastics and small microplastics through drinking water, beverages, and food sources

This review examines how people unintentionally consume nanoplastics and small microplastics through drinking water, beverages, and food. Researchers found that smaller plastic particles may be more significant for human exposure since they are more likely to cross biological barriers, but note that reliable detection methods for the smallest particles are still being developed.

2021 NanoImpact 111 citations
Article Tier 2

Mass spectrometry-based multimodal approaches for the identification and quantification analysis of microplastics in food matrix

This review examines mass spectrometry techniques for identifying and measuring microplastics in food, covering methods that analyze both the chemical composition and quantity of plastic particles. The study suggests these advanced analytical approaches could help bridge the gap between environmental monitoring and understanding actual human exposure levels. Better measurement tools are needed to assess how much microplastic people are consuming through their diet.

2023 Frontiers in Nutrition 27 citations
Article Tier 2

Methodologies to characterize, identify and quantify nano- and sub-micron sized plastics in relevant media for human exposure: a critical review

This review critically evaluated methodologies for characterizing, identifying, and quantifying nano- and sub-micron sized plastics in media relevant to human exposure, highlighting analytical gaps and the need for standardized approaches.

2022 Environmental Science Advances 27 citations