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Efectos de los microplásticos en el medio ambiente: Un macroproblema emergente
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This review examines the current state of knowledge on microplastic contamination in aquatic and terrestrial environments, noting that while microplastics are now ubiquitous in oceans — with approximately 13 million tonnes of plastic entering waterways annually — the full risks to human health remain uncertain despite growing evidence of harm to diverse organisms.
Por tratar-se de um material leve, resistente, versátil e potencialmente transparente, os plásticos se tornam ideais para uma diversidade de aplicações. Porém, cerca de 300 milhões de toneladas de plástico são produzidos por ano, dos quais 13 milhões são levados aos rios e oceanos podendo causar danos irreparáveis a esse ecossistema afetando os organismos com capacidade limitada de adaptação. Estima-se que 8300 milhões de toneladas métricas (MT) de plástico foram produzidas até o momento, das quais 6300 MT se tornaram resíduos a partir de 2015, e foram reciclados apenas 9%. Mesmo que os microplásticos (MP’s) estejam onipresentes nos oceanos, o risco que podem causar à saúde humana ainda não é uma questão definida. As evidências dos impactos negativos do plástico e seus detritos microplásticos e nanoplástico ingerido pelos organismos de diversos ecossistemas, são fornecidos constantemente pela comunidade científica. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma investigação bibliográfica sobre o estado atual do conhecimento sobre os microplásticos e os seus impactos sobre o meio ambiente, principalmente nos ambientes aquáticos.
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