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Microplastics, Their Impacts on the Environment and Biodegradable Ways of Substitution.
Original title: Microplásticos, Seus Impactos No Ambiente E Maneiras Biodegradáveis De Substituição.
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This Portuguese-language review examined microplastics as major aquatic and terrestrial pollutants, summarizing their sources, environmental distribution, and impacts on ecosystems, and reviewing biodegradable alternatives as a strategy to reduce future plastic fragment accumulation.
Resumo: Microplásticos são partículas de plástico encontradas geralmente com tamanho inferior a 5mm e são oriundos da fragmentação de plásticos maiores. Esse tipo de material é um dos principais poluentes do ambiente aquático e terrestre, pois altera a composição bioquímica do biossistema, assim prejudicando o ecossistema da região e consequentemente a saúde humana quando ingerido e/ou aspirado. O microplástico, quando presente no ambiente, atua como captador de Poluentes Orgânicos Persistentes (POP) altamente nocivos e tóxicos e estão ligados a disfunções hormonais, imunológicas e reprodutivas na fauna, flora, microbiota e na saúde humana. O microplástico é encontrado em muitos produtos ligados aos cosméticos e de higiene pessoal utilizados no cotidiano, como em: cremes dentais, sabonetes corporais e faciais, produtos esfoliantes e glitter; tais podem ser substituídos por produtos naturais, ou por microplástico biodegradável. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os processos de produção de microplástico biodegradável, cujos componentes sejam derivados de matéria-prima renovável, além de outros compostos ecologicamente corretos e conscientizar as pessoas sobre os efeitos do microplástico na saúde humana, na microbiota, na fauna e na flora mostrando maneiras de substituí-lo.Palavras-chave: Plástico, Natureza, Ecologicamente correto, Alternativas.
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