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Quantitative Tracking of Nanoplastic Uptake and Distributionin Zebrafish by Single-Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Summary
Researchers developed a framework using europium-doped polystyrene nanoplastics as tracers, combined with single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, to quantitatively track nanoplastic uptake and distribution in zebrafish at the single-particle level. This method enabled real-time, size-resolved tracking of nanoplastics accumulating in different fish organs over time.
Tracking the uptake, distribution, and accumulation of nanoplastics (NPs) in biological organisms is important to understand their fate and effects but remains a major challenge. Herein, a novel framework was proposed for quantitatively tracking of NP fate in zebrafish at single-particle level by employing polystyrene NPs (PS NPs) doped with the europium chelate as the spiking material and using the single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS) technique. To ensure the sp-ICP-MS analysis, a critical pretreatment method was developed based on tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) digestion, allowing for the extraction of NPs from zebrafish tissues with a recovery rate ranging from 89.4% to 104.2% under optimal conditions. Benefiting from this method, it is found that though it mainly accumulated in the intestine (81.3–93.3%), NPs can further continuously penetrate into internal organs (3.3–13.6%) with a maximal concentration of 1.14 × 105 particles/mg and a maximal bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 5.5. More importantly, NPs were detected in the brain with a concentration of 2.14 × 104 particles/mg at day 7, demonstrating that it is able to cross the blood–brain barrier. On the contrary, NPs have been found to hardly penetrate into eggs due to the barrier function of the chorion. Furthermore, a similar evidence and conclusion were obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) characterization. We hope that this work can provide a new paradigm for investigating the fate of trace NPs in organisms even in different environmental scenarios.
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