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Papers
61,005 resultsSaving our oceans: Why marine life needs us
This review examined the major threats to marine ecosystems including overfishing, pollution, climate change, and habitat destruction, and argued that protecting ocean biodiversity is essential for the ecosystem services that billions of people depend on for food, oxygen, and climate stability.
Oceanic pollution; A threat to life
This brief overview discusses multiple forms of ocean pollution, including plastic debris, and their threats to marine ecosystems. The author calls for urgent global action to prevent further degradation of ocean health.
Global Changes, Anthropogenic Impacts and the Future of the Oceans
This review covers multiple human-caused threats to ocean health, including pollution by mercury, lead, and plastics, as well as ocean acidification and deoxygenation. The discussion of plastic pollution highlights how microplastics compound other ongoing threats to marine ecosystems.
Time and tide
This commentary argues that ocean health is fundamentally linked to human health and wellbeing, emphasizing the urgent need to address marine pollution and ecosystem degradation to safeguard future generations.
Human health and ocean pollution
This review systematically examines how ocean pollution — spanning heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, microplastics, pharmaceutical contaminants, and harmful algal blooms — threatens human health through seafood consumption, drinking water, and direct exposure, estimating nine million annual premature deaths attributable to global pollution and proposing policy priorities for marine pollution control.
The Ocean, Volume 2
This educational volume explores ocean science fundamentals — including the role of the ocean in climate regulation, biodiversity, and resource provision — while addressing major threats such as overfishing, pollution, and microplastics that endanger marine ecosystem health.
Impacts of plastic pollution in the oceans on marine species, biodiversity and ecosystems
This comprehensive report documented the extensive impacts of plastic pollution on marine species, biodiversity, and ecosystems worldwide, revealing a rapidly worsening situation that demands immediate international action to protect ocean health.
A Comprehensive Review of Climatic Threats and Adaptation of Marine Biodiversity
This comprehensive review examines how climate change threatens marine biodiversity through rising ocean temperatures, acidification, and habitat loss. Among the many environmental stressors discussed, microplastic pollution is highlighted as an additional threat that compounds the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems. The paper evaluates adaptation strategies like marine protected areas and habitat restoration that could help protect the ocean ecosystems humans depend on for food.
Editorial: Advances in marine environmental protection: challenges, solutions and perspectives
This editorial summarizes current challenges in marine environmental protection, including plastic pollution, climate change, and emerging threats like deep-sea mining. Ocean health is directly linked to human well-being, especially for coastal communities that depend on marine resources. The piece calls for stronger international cooperation to address pollution that crosses national boundaries.
Ocean Solutions That Benefit People, Nature and the Economy
This report examines ocean-based solutions that can simultaneously benefit people, nature, and the economy. The study balances hope and concern while presenting concrete examples of sustainable approaches to ocean management and conservation.
Eight urgent, fundamental and simultaneous steps needed to restore ocean health, and the consequences for humanity and the planet of inaction or delay
This perspective article identified eight urgent simultaneous actions needed to restore ocean health—including reducing emissions, overfishing, and pollution—and argued that delay or partial action risks irreversible ratchet-like degradation of ocean systems. The authors emphasize that ocean restoration directly supports human wellbeing and that the window for effective intervention is narrowing.
Ocean governance for human health and the role of the social sciences
This paper examines the interdependence of ocean health and human health, arguing that effective ocean governance must involve the social sciences to address the complex human behaviors and institutions driving marine degradation. Managing plastic pollution entering the ocean requires governance frameworks that integrate scientific and social knowledge.
Fostering human health through ocean sustainability in the 21st century
This review framed the ocean as essential to human health and well-being—providing food, trade, energy, and psychological benefits—and argued that ocean sustainability must be integrated into public health policy beyond just risk management. The authors call for interdisciplinary research linking ocean health to human health outcomes ahead of the UN Ocean Decade.
Plastic pollution of the world’s seas and oceans as a contemporary challenge in ocean governance
This paper frames plastic pollution of the world's seas and oceans as a defining contemporary challenge in ocean stewardship, reviewing the scale of the problem and arguing for urgent policy and management responses.
Global Ocean Governance and Ecological Civilization
This study examines global ocean governance frameworks and argues that achieving 'ecological civilization' requires coordinated international responses to mounting threats including climate change, ocean acidification, microplastic pollution, and overexploitation of marine resources.
Re-thinking human interactions with the oceans
This review examines the interconnected ways human activities are damaging marine ecosystems, including through chemical and microbial pollution, harmful algal blooms, and loss of biodiversity. The authors argue that despite international agreements and treaties, ocean-related risks continue to escalate due to a lack of political commitment. The study calls for new integrated approaches to balance human wellbeing with ocean sustainability.
Scientists' perspectives on global ocean research priorities
An international survey of ocean scientists identified global research priorities for understanding and managing ocean health, with plastic pollution emerging as one of the top concerns alongside climate change and biodiversity loss. The results reflect the scientific community's assessment of where investment is most urgently needed to sustain healthy ocean ecosystems.
Trends and Evolution in the Concept of Marine Ecosystem Services: An Overview
This overview reviews the evolution of the marine ecosystem services concept, examining how human activities increasingly pressure ocean environments. Researchers found that pollution, including plastic and microplastic contamination, is among the growing threats to the marine ecosystem services that support food production, climate regulation, and coastal protection. The study emphasizes the need for effective management strategies to balance human use with ocean health.
Introductory Chapter: Navigating the Marine Pollution Crisis – From Microplastics to Metal Contamination and Community Resilience
This introductory chapter frames the global marine pollution crisis, reviewing evidence that approximately 11 million tons of plastic enter oceans annually with microplastics now ubiquitous across all five ocean basins, and situating MP contamination within the broader context of heavy metal pollution and threats to coastal communities.
Leveraging Multi-target Strategies to Address Plastic Pollution in the Context of an Already Stressed Ocean
This review examines how plastic pollution interacts with other stressors affecting ocean health, using the Ocean Health Index as a framework. Researchers argue that addressing plastic pollution requires multi-target strategies that account for the already degraded state of marine ecosystems. The study highlights how plastics compound existing environmental pressures on the ocean, from habitat destruction to biodiversity loss.
Aquatic one health framework: Integrating ocean ecosystems and human well-being
This paper introduces an Aquatic One Health framework that integrates ocean ecosystem health with human and animal wellbeing, discussing how marine pollutants including microplastics form interconnected threats that require coordinated environmental and public health responses.
Future importance of healthy oceans: Ecosystem functions and biodiversity, marine pollution, carbon sequestration, ecosystem goods and services
This review examines the health of the Bay of Bengal large marine ecosystem, identifying climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss as major threats. Microplastic pollution is among the chemical threats identified, with serious implications for fisheries that support hundreds of millions of people in South and Southeast Asia.
A Perspective on Marine Pollution
This essay reviews major categories of marine pollution — including plastics, sewage, heavy metals, and oil spills — and their sources and effects on coastal and ocean ecosystems. It frames plastic pollution as one of the most visible and persistent threats to marine environments and human communities that depend on them.
Global Ocean Governance and Ecological Civilization: Building a Sustainable Ocean Economy for China
This paper argues that healthy oceans are essential for human survival — regulating climate, producing oxygen, and absorbing carbon dioxide — and calls for stronger global governance frameworks for ocean sustainability.