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Future importance of healthy oceans: Ecosystem functions and biodiversity, marine pollution, carbon sequestration, ecosystem goods and services
Summary
This review examines the health of the Bay of Bengal large marine ecosystem, identifying climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss as major threats. Microplastic pollution is among the chemical threats identified, with serious implications for fisheries that support hundreds of millions of people in South and Southeast Asia.
The paper provides a review the current status of ecosystem and resource extraction to provide a series of thoughts related to the future challenges in maintaining the health of the Marine and coastal ecosystems at the Bay of Bengal. The chapter highlighted the challenges current efforts and future interventions necessary to keep the Bay of Bengal large marine ecosystem healthy. They are mainly linked to climate change, environmental pollution from different sources, biodiversity conservation, sediment movement. marine spatial planning and adoption of protected area concept to design marine reserve, fish sanctuary and ecological critical areas in the coastal zone were highlighted. The importance and means of monitoring of the marine and coastal ecosystem at the Bay of Bengal required local and international collaboration in order to ensure adoption and management of an objective monitoring system
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