Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Exposição De Microplásticos E Nanoplásticos Ao Tecido Ovariano: Uma Revisão Integrativa

This integrative review examines the impact of micro- and nanoplastics on female ovarian tissue, synthesizing animal model studies showing damage to follicular structures, increased oxidative stress, and disrupted reproductive hormone signaling.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Clinical Trial Tier 1

A review of the impact of micro‐ and nanoplastics on female reproduction: What we know and gaps in knowledge

This review examines what is known about how micro- and nanoplastics affect female reproductive health. Animal studies show these particles accumulate in ovarian tissue, disrupt hormones, and cause oxidative stress, leading to hormonal imbalances and ovarian damage, though research in humans is still limited.

2025 International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in ovarian function and ozone-based mitigation strategies: Emerging evidence and translational implications

This review synthesized emerging evidence that microplastics accumulate in human follicular fluid, oocytes, placenta, and semen, causing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and meiotic disruption in reproductive cells, and discussed ozone-based strategies as potential mitigation approaches.

2025 Current Research in Toxicology
Article Tier 2

Concerning influences of micro/nano plastics on female reproductive health: focusing on cellular and molecular pathways from animal models to human studies

This review summarizes research showing that micro- and nanoplastics can harm the female reproductive system in multiple ways, from reducing ovarian reserves and disrupting hormone balance to accumulating in the placenta and breast milk. Animal studies show these particles trigger oxidative stress and inflammation in reproductive tissues, and human studies have confirmed their presence in placental tissue and infant feces, raising concerns about effects on fertility and fetal development.

2024 Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 38 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and nanoplastics in follicular fluid are associated with diminished ovarian reserve: clinical and molecular insights

Researchers found that microplastics and nanoplastics present in follicular fluid are associated with diminished ovarian reserve in women. The study provides evidence suggesting that exposure to these particles may harm female ovarian function. The findings point to the environment-gut-ovarian axis as a potential pathway through which micro- and nanoplastic exposure could contribute to reproductive health concerns.

2026 Journal of Advanced Research
Review Tier 2

"Unseen Dangers: The Effects of Micro- and Nanoplastics on Human Reproductive Health - A Narrative Review"

This review examines the effects of micro- and nanoplastics on human reproductive health, covering evidence from in vitro, animal, and epidemiological studies showing that plastic particles can disrupt hormone signaling, sperm function, ovarian development, and placental integrity.

2025 Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery
Systematic Review Tier 1

The emerging risk of microplastics and nanoplastics on the microstructure and function of reproductive organs in mammals: A systematic review of preclinical evidence

Preclinical evidence from 12 studies shows micro- and nanoplastics accumulate in mammalian gonads, causing dose-dependent damage including seminiferous degeneration, sperm malformation, reduced follicular growth, and impaired hormone levels through pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory mechanisms.

2022 Life Sciences 94 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Particles and Female Fertility: Pathways, Toxicity, and Analytical Challenges

This review examines the pathways, toxicity mechanisms, and analytical challenges associated with microplastic and nanoplastic impacts on female fertility. Evidence from animal studies indicates that these particles can accumulate in ovaries and placental tissue, inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and granulosa cell death that diminishes ovarian reserve. The study notes that microplastics have been confirmed in human placentas and umbilical cord blood, and may disrupt the hormonal axis governing reproduction.

2026 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

Impact of nanoparticles and nanoplastics on female reproductive health

This review examines the evidence on how nanoparticles and nanoplastics may affect female reproductive health after entering the body through dermal, oral, and inhalation routes. Researchers note that these materials have been found in human ovarian tissue, raising concern about their potential effects on fertility and reproductive outcomes. The study highlights the need for more research into the reproductive health implications of nanoplastic exposure.

2026 Biology of Reproduction
Systematic Review Tier 1

Impact of microplastics on female reproductive health: insights from animal and human experimental studies: a systematic review

This systematic review of 15 experimental studies found that microplastic exposure significantly impairs ovarian function, decreases fertility rates, and disrupts hormone levels in female subjects. Several studies also reported negative effects on embryo development and offspring health, though study quality varied and more rigorous research is needed to confirm mechanisms.

2025 Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 10 citations
Clinical Trial Tier 1

Reproductive toxicity and related mechanisms of micro(nano)plastics in terrestrial mammals: Review of current evidence.

This review of terrestrial mammal studies found that micro- and nanoplastics induce reproductive toxicity through oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, and DNA damage, affecting both male and female fertility. In males, effects include blood-testis barrier disruption and impaired spermatogenesis, while females show compromised oocyte maturation, ovarian fibrosis, and diminished ovarian reserve, with particles also capable of crossing the maternal-fetal interface.

2024 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
Article Tier 2

Characterization of microplastics in human follicular fluid and assessment of their potential impact on mouse oocyte maturation in vitro

Scientists found microplastics in human follicular fluid, the liquid surrounding eggs in the ovaries, after analyzing samples from 19 women. When they tested how these particles affect egg development in mice, they found that certain types of microplastics reduced the ability of eggs to mature properly, raising concerns about potential effects on fertility.

2025 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Size- and hydrophobicity-dependent accumulation of microplastics in follicular fluid is linked to impaired ovarian reserve in women undergoing medically assisted reproduction

Researchers measured microplastic concentrations in follicular fluid and blood from women undergoing fertility treatment and found that nearly all samples contained microplastics. Higher microplastic concentrations in follicular fluid were significantly associated with reduced oocyte yield and lower odds of pregnancy, with evidence suggesting that certain hydrophobic polymers selectively accumulate in the ovary.

2026
Systematic Review Tier 1

Reproductive and developmental implications of micro- and nanoplastic internalization: Recent advances and perspectives

This systematic review documented the detection of micro- and nanoplastics in human semen, placenta, and ovarian follicular fluid, and found evidence linking exposure to impaired sperm quality, disrupted ovarian function, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In animal models, MNPs caused developmental toxicity and transgenerational effects, with oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modification identified as key mechanisms.

2024 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 23 citations
Article Tier 2

Associations between concentrations of microplastics in follicular fluid and the risk of diminished ovarian reserve

Researchers conducted a case-control study comparing microplastic levels in follicular fluid of patients with diminished ovarian reserve versus controls. Total microplastic abundance was significantly higher in the diminished ovarian reserve group (30.63 vs. 18.48 micrograms per gram), and elevated levels of polyethylene, polypropylene, and PVC were associated with reduced markers of ovarian function.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on the female reproductive system in mice: Implications for ovarian function and follicular development

Researchers exposed female mice to polystyrene nanoplastics orally for 29 days and examined the effects on their reproductive systems. They found that nanoplastic exposure disrupted estrous cycles, impaired follicle development, and altered hormone levels in a dose-dependent manner. The study suggests that nanoplastics, due to their extremely small size, may cross biological barriers and accumulate in reproductive tissues, raising concerns about potential effects on fertility.

2025 Reproductive Toxicology 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics: invisible killers of female fertility and offspring health

This review summarizes research on how microplastics and nanoplastics affect female fertility across multiple species, from reproductive failure to developmental problems in offspring. The tiny particles can infiltrate the body through food, air, and skin, accumulating in reproductive tissues where they disrupt hormones and damage eggs. While animal studies cannot be directly applied to humans, the consistent findings across species raise serious concerns about the potential impact of microplastic exposure on women's reproductive health.

2023 Frontiers in Physiology 54 citations
Article Tier 2

Implication of nano and microplastics in reproduction: understanding oocyte vulnerability

This review examined how nano- and microplastics (NMPs) compromise oocyte quality and female reproductive function, finding that NMPs trigger oxidative stress, disrupt meiotic spindle assembly, impair mitochondrial function, and cause DNA damage in eggs. The findings identified the oocyte as particularly vulnerable to NMP exposure, with implications for fertility and reproductive health.

2024 Research Innovation Views Embryology Reproduction.
Article Tier 2

Exploring Strategies to Prevent and Treat Ovarian Cancer in Terms of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants

This review explores the relationship between oxidative stress and ovarian cancer, examining how imbalances in harmful molecules called reactive oxygen species may contribute to cancer development. While not directly about microplastics, it is relevant because microplastics are known to trigger oxidative stress in the body, which could potentially play a role in cancer-related pathways.

2025 Antioxidants 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Exposure to microplastics leads to a defective ovarian function and change in cytoskeleton protein expression in rat

Researchers exposed female rats to polystyrene microplastics over multiple reproductive cycles and found, for the first time, that the particles accumulated in different parts of the ovarian tissue. The microplastics reduced ovarian weight, disrupted the normal development of egg follicles, altered the reproductive cycle, and lowered estrogen levels. The study suggests these effects are driven by oxidative stress and changes in key structural proteins within the ovary.

2022 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 99 citations
Meta Analysis Tier 1

The effects of exposure to microplastics on female reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This meta-analysis pools data from multiple studies to assess how microplastic exposure affects female reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes. The findings suggest that microplastic accumulation may be linked to adverse effects on fertility and pregnancy, highlighting an important and underexplored area of concern for women's health.

2025 Reproductive Toxicology 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxicological effects of micro/nano-plastics on human reproductive health: A review

This review summarizes research on how micro- and nanoplastics affect human reproductive health in both men and women. Evidence from animal and lab studies shows that these particles can accumulate in reproductive organs, disrupt hormones, damage eggs and sperm, and cause inflammation and oxidative stress. While human studies are still limited, the growing body of evidence suggests that microplastic exposure is a potential threat to fertility that warrants further investigation.

2025 Toxicology Letters 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Efeitos da exposição a microplásticos e nanoplásticos no sistema endócrino: uma revisão de literatura

This Portuguese-language literature review examined evidence from animal model studies on how microplastic and nanoplastic contamination affects the endocrine system, synthesizing findings from PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases. Studies documented adverse effects in the brain, intestine, testes, and placenta, with growing concern about endocrine disruption from widespread human exposure.

2024 Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo
Article Tier 2

Implications of environmental toxicants on ovarian follicles: how it can adversely affect the female fertility?

This review examines how environmental toxicants, including endocrine disrupting chemicals, heavy metals, agrochemicals, and chemicals used in plastic and cosmetic industries, can adversely affect female fertility. Researchers found that these substances can interfere with follicle development and lead to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, and meiotic defects. The study highlights the difficulty of isolating individual risk factors since multiple toxicants often share common pathways of reproductive harm.

2021 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 61 citations