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Effects of Exposure to Microplastics and Nanoplastics on the Endocrine System: A Literature Review
Original title: Efeitos da exposição a microplásticos e nanoplásticos no sistema endócrino: uma revisão de literatura
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This Portuguese-language literature review examined evidence from animal model studies on how microplastic and nanoplastic contamination affects the endocrine system, synthesizing findings from PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases. Studies documented adverse effects in the brain, intestine, testes, and placenta, with growing concern about endocrine disruption from widespread human exposure.
Introdução: A produção global de plásticos aumentou drasticamente nos últimos anos, levando ao aumento de lixo plástico acumulado no ambiente e de contaminação humana por microplásticos e nanoplásticos. Muitos estudos em modelos animais têm demonstrado prejuízos cerebrais, intestinais, testiculares, placentários entre outros. Este estudo objetiva reunir o conhecimento dos efeitos da contaminação no sistema endócrino. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão literária realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e SciELO, utilizando os descritores “nanoplastic”, “microplastic”, “Endocrine System”. Resultados e Discussão: Ao final da aplicação de todos os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados nove artigos para a realização da discussão. Os estudos analisados mostraram que as partículas de poliestireno nanométricas (PS-NPs) ou micrométricas (PS-MPs) causam danos às células ovarianas e testiculares devido ao estresse oxidativo causado por sua acumulação, resultando em inflamação e apoptose, além de alterações na secreção hormonal. Considerações Finais: Embora existam estudos com animais in vivo e células humanas in vitro que evidenciem seus efeitos, são necessários estudos mais amplos em humanos para uma melhor compreensão dos impactos de MPs e NPS no sistema endócrino.
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