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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to Excretion characteristics of nylon microplastics and absorption risk of nanoplastics in rats
ClearEffects of excretion of different sizes of orally ingested microplastics in rats
Researchers developed a method to analyze microplastics in rat feces to evaluate how particle size affects excretion after oral ingestion, incorporating an enzymatic digestion step that achieved recovery rates above 80%. They found that smaller microplastics (30-50 µm) had significantly lower fecal excretion rates compared to larger particles (200 µm), suggesting size-dependent retention or translocation in the gut.
A Systematic Review of the Toxicokinetics of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Mammals Following Digestive Exposure
This systematic review summarizes existing research on what happens to micro and nanoplastics after mammals ingest them through food and water. The evidence shows these particles can survive digestion and potentially cross into tissues and organs, raising important questions about long-term health effects from the microplastics we unknowingly consume every day.
Micro and nano-plastics, a threat to human health?
This review examines the threat micro- and nanoplastics pose to human health, discussing how these persistent particles accumulate in organs including lungs, the gastrointestinal system, and blood, and how their chemical composition and size influence toxicity.
Micro- and nanoplastic in the human digestive and urinary system
This review summarized scientific evidence on how micro- and nanoplastics ingested through food reach the digestive and urinary systems, examining what is known about their behavior in the stomach, intestines, liver, and kidneys and the associated health risks.
Oral Exposure to Nylon-11 and Polystyrene Nanoplastics During Early-Life in Rats
Researchers exposed rat pups to nylon and polystyrene nanoplastics during early life to assess potential developmental effects. They found that while the nanoplastics did not cause overt toxicity at the doses tested, the particles did reach various organs and some subtle biological changes were observed. The study highlights the need for more research on how nanoplastic exposure during critical growth periods may affect long-term health.
Mass Balance Tracing of In Vivo Biodistribution, Relocation, and Excretion of Europium-Doped Micro/Nanoplastics in Rats
Scientists injected tiny plastic particles into rats and tracked where they went in the body for three months. Most plastic particles collected in the liver and spleen, with smaller particles being harder for the body to get rid of—only 80% of the smallest particles were eliminated compared to just 15% of larger ones. This suggests that microplastics from food, water, and air could build up in our organs over time, though the long-term health effects are still unknown.
Detection of nano- and microplastics in mammalian tissue
Researchers detected nano- and microplastics in mammalian tissue samples using sensitive analytical techniques, confirming particle accumulation in organs beyond the gastrointestinal tract. The findings demonstrate that small plastic particles can translocate from the gut to systemic tissues.
The Uptake and Distribution Evidence of Nano- and Microplastics in vivo after a Single High Dose of Oral Exposure.
This in vivo study provided evidence on the uptake and organ distribution of nano- and microplastics following a single high-dose administration, finding that nanoplastics translocated rapidly to multiple organs through blood circulation while only small amounts of larger microplastics penetrated organs.
Blood uptake and urine excretion of nano- and micro-plastics after a single exposure.
Mice exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles (100 nm) and microparticles (3 µm) via different routes showed that smaller particles appeared rapidly in blood and were detected in urine, while larger particles cleared more slowly. The study provides direct evidence that nanoplastics can cross biological barriers and enter circulation, with potential for distribution throughout the body.
Lung retention, distribution and persistence of polymer particles in rats exposed via inhalation
Researchers studied the fate of inhaled polymer particles in rats by exposing them to polystyrene and polyamide aerosols for 28 days. The study found that both types of particles accumulated in the lungs and migrated to lung-draining lymph nodes, but were not detected in the liver, spleen, or kidneys. The particles persisted in lung tissue for weeks after exposure ended, raising questions about the long-term bioavailability and fate of inhaled microplastics.
Lung retention, distribution and persistence of polymer particles in rats exposed via inhalation.
Researchers exposed rats to polymer particles via inhalation and tracked lung retention, tissue distribution, and persistence over time using refined sample preparation methods. Results showed that nano-sized particles had distinct bioavailability and long-term retention patterns compared to larger particles, highlighting the importance of particle size in inhalation risk assessment.
Semiquantitative assessment of the distribution of microplastic particles in the body during acute exposure
Researchers developed and validated a semi-quantitative method to assess microplastic distribution across organs in rats under acute exposure conditions, using fluorescent particles of three sizes (100, 500, 1000 nm) to map accumulation patterns — finding size-dependent biodistribution with smaller particles reaching more tissues.
Lung retention, distribution and persistence of polymer particles in rats exposed via inhalation
Researchers studied the fate of inhaled polymer particles in rats by exposing them to polystyrene and polyamide aerosols for 28 days. The study found that both types of particles accumulated in the lungs and migrated to lung-draining lymph nodes, but were not detected in the liver, spleen, or kidneys. The particles persisted in lung tissue for weeks after exposure ended, highlighting potential concerns about long-term retention of inhaled microplastics.
A new insight of size-dependent plastics particles kinetics with regarding of metabolomics effects in liver and kidney
Researchers developed a comprehensive extraction and detection protocol to track polystyrene particles of three sizes (80 nm, 2 µm, and 20 µm) across multiple organs in exposed animals, finding that smaller particles accumulated more broadly — reaching the brain, liver, spleen, and kidney — while liver and kidney metabolism was disrupted in size-dependent but distinct ways.
Evidence on Invasion of Blood, Adipose Tissues, Nervous System and Reproductive System of Mice After a Single Oral Exposure: Nanoplastics versus Microplastics.
Researchers found that after a single oral exposure in mice, nanoplastics were rapidly absorbed into the blood, accumulated in fat tissues, and crossed both the blood-brain and blood-testis barriers. The study demonstrated that the distribution and behavior of plastic particles in mammals is strongly dependent on particle size, with nanoplastics showing substantially greater tissue penetration than microplastics.
Nano- and microplastics: a comprehensive review on their exposure routes, translocation, and fate in humans
This comprehensive review traces the journey of nano- and microplastics through the human body, covering how they enter through breathing, eating, drinking, and skin contact. Once inside, the smallest particles can cross the gut and lung barriers, enter the bloodstream, and accumulate in organs including the liver, kidneys, and placenta. The review highlights significant knowledge gaps about long-term health effects but notes that the evidence for internal accumulation in humans is growing.
Kidney and Liver Disorders Due to Microplastic Exposure: Chronic in Vivo Study in Male White Rats
Male white rats were chronically exposed to microplastics (particles 5 mm or smaller) to assess kidney and liver toxicity, with exposure resulting from environmental weathering and ultraviolet irradiation of plastic materials. The study found measurable histopathological and biochemical damage in both organs, confirming that long-term microplastic exposure causes organ-level injury in mammals.
Micro- and nanoplastics: origin, sources of intake and impact on human health (literature review)
This literature review synthesizes mechanisms by which micro- and nanoplastics interact with living organisms, examining their physicochemical properties, routes of human exposure, and documented health effects across multiple organ systems.
Review of microplastics fate in humans with a focus on the urinary system
This review synthesized current knowledge on microplastic fate in the human body, with a particular focus on the urinary system as an excretion pathway. Evidence suggests microplastics can reach the kidneys and urinary tract, raising questions about chronic exposure effects on urinary function.
Emerging investigator series: perspectives on toxicokinetics of nanoscale plastic debris in organisms
This perspective examines the toxicokinetics of nanoscale plastic debris (particles smaller than 1 micrometer) in organisms, reviewing how fragmentation of environmental plastic waste generates nanoplastics and discussing uptake, distribution, metabolism, and elimination pathways relevant to ecological risk assessment.
Lung retention, distribution and persistence of polymer particles in rats exposed via inhalation
Researchers studied the fate of inhaled polymer particles in rats by exposing them to polystyrene and polyamide aerosols for 28 days. The study found that both particle types deposited in the lungs and translocated to lung-draining lymph nodes, but were not detected in the liver, spleen, or kidneys. Particles remained detectable weeks after exposure ended, underscoring the persistence of inhaled plastic particles in respiratory tissue.
Environmental Fate, Behavior, and Risk Management Approaches of Nanoplastics in the Environment
Researchers reviewed the environmental fate, behavior, and risk management of nanoplastics, which are plastic particles smaller than one micrometer. The study suggests that nanoplastics may pose greater environmental and health risks than larger microplastics due to their nanoscale properties, though significant knowledge gaps remain about their transport, transformation, and long-term ecological effects.
Effects of Orally Ingested Microplastics on the Structure and Function of the Kidneys
This study reviewed the structural and functional effects of orally ingested microplastics on kidney tissue, synthesizing experimental evidence from animal and in vitro studies. Microplastic exposure was consistently associated with kidney histopathology including inflammation and fibrosis, with particle size, shape, and polymer type influencing the severity of renal damage.
Uptake and Effects of Micro‐, Submicro‐ and Nanoplastics Investigated on in vitro Models of the Intestinal Barrier and the Liver
Researchers investigated the uptake and toxic effects of micro-, submicro-, and nanoplastics using in vitro models of the intestinal barrier and liver to assess how plastic particles of different sizes interact with gastrointestinal and hepatic cells. The study examined cellular internalization, barrier integrity, and metabolic responses to characterize size-dependent toxicity mechanisms.