Papers

20 results
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Article Tier 2

The influence of coagulation process conditions on theefficiency of microplastic removal in water treatment

Researchers investigated how coagulation process conditions — including coagulant type, pH, and microsand addition — affect the removal of polyethylene, PVC, and textile microfibers from river water, municipal wastewater, laundry effluent, and synthetic matrices. Ferric chloride and polyaluminum chloride both achieved substantial removal, with performance varying significantly by water matrix and microplastic type.

2025 National Repository of Dissertations in Serbia
Article Tier 2

Identification, removal of microplastics and surfactants from laundry wastewater using electrocoagulation method

Laundry wastewater from a 2 kg synthetic fabric load released up to 114,300 microfibers per wash, and an electrocoagulation treatment removed roughly 98% of those fibers along with surfactants and organic load in about 25 minutes at a cost of US$0.53 per cubic meter. The results highlight both how significant laundry is as a microplastic source and that electrocoagulation is a cost-effective option for treating it before wastewater reaches natural waterways.

2023 Water Emerging Contaminants & Nanoplastics 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Researchon the removal of chemical oxygen demand and surfactants in commercial laundry wastewater by coagulation-flocculation process

Researchers investigated coagulation-flocculation treatment of commercial laundry wastewater, which contains significantly higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) and surfactant concentrations than domestic wastewater. Jar test experiments showed that poly aluminium chloride (PAC) at pH 7 and 60 mg/L dosage outperformed FeSO4·7H2O in reducing COD and surfactants to discharge standards.

2025 Ministry of Science and Technology Vietnam
Article Tier 2

Removal of Microfiber from Laundry Wastewater Using the Electrocoagulation Method

Researchers investigated microfiber release from laundry wastewater and found a reference load of 2.5 L of synthetic textiles released approximately 92,700-114,300 synthetic microfibers. Electrocoagulation treatment at neutral pH, 25-minute operating time, and 300 A/m² current density achieved 97.9% microfiber removal efficiency at a treatment cost of US$0.53/m³.

2025 Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government
Article Tier 2

Removal of Microplastics from Laundry Wastewater Using Coagulation and Membrane Combination: A Laboratory-Scale Study

Researchers characterized microplastics in raw domestic laundry wastewater (9,000–11,000 particles/L, dominated by polyester fibers) and tested whether combining coagulation with ultrafiltration membrane filtration improved MP removal. The combined process significantly enhanced removal compared to coagulation alone, highlighting laundry wastewater as a major MP source amenable to treatment at scale.

2025 Membranes 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Efficiency of Coagulation/Flocculation for the Removal of Complex Mixture of Textile Fibers from Water

Researchers tested coagulation and flocculation for removing a mixture of synthetic and natural textile fibers from water, finding that the presence of natural fibers significantly affected removal efficiency compared to single-fiber studies, which has practical implications for wastewater treatment.

2023 Processes 16 citations
Article Tier 2

Research on Effect of Microplastics Removal through Combination of Coagulation and Sand Filtration

Researchers tested three coagulants — ferric chloride (FeCl3), polyferric sulfate (PFS), and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) — for microplastic removal from secondary wastewater effluent, finding that 40 mg/L PFS achieved the highest coagulation removal rate of 61%. A combined PFS plus sand filtration process removed 91% of microplastics, 82% of suspended solids, and 85% of total phosphorus at a treatment cost of approximately 0.0594 Yuan per tonne of wastewater.

2024 E3S Web of Conferences 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigating the Potential of Coagulants to Improve Microplastics Removal in Wastewater and Tap Water

Researchers found that adding coagulants (FeCl3 or Al2(SO4)3) to wastewater and tap water improved microplastic removal, with aluminum sulfate achieving 43% and 62% removal efficiencies respectively, though the high concentrations required suggest that combining coagulants with organic polyelectrolytes could improve practicality.

2025 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

Coagulation of Wastewater Containing Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Microplastics by Using Ferric Chloride, Aluminum Sulfate and Aluminum Chlorohydrate: A Comparative Study

Researchers compared ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, and aluminum chlorohydrate coagulants for removing PET microplastics from plastic recycling facility wastewater, finding that aluminum sulfate at pH 6 achieved the highest removal rate of 90% for predominantly fragment-shaped MPs in the 251-500 micrometers size range.

2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS
Article Tier 2

Influence of Different Coagulants on Microplastics Removal

Researchers compared the effectiveness of different coagulants—including aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, and polyaluminum chloride—for removing microplastics from water, finding significant performance differences dependent on plastic particle size, charge, and coagulant dose.

2025 The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University)
Article Tier 2

Optimizing Laundry Wastewater Treatment: A Hybrid Approach Using Poly-Aluminum Chloride Coagulation and Activated Carbon Adsorption

Researchers investigated a hybrid treatment system combining poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) coagulation and activated carbon adsorption to remove Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and phosphate from laundry wastewater. The study optimized PAC dosage (10% and 15%) and stirring time (0-45 minutes), demonstrating that the integrated approach significantly improves removal efficiency compared to single-treatment methods.

2025 International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research
Article Tier 2

Removal of Microplastics/Microfibers and Detergents from Laundry Wastewater by Microbubble Flotation

Researchers developed a microbubble flotation system that removes over 98% of microplastics and 95% of detergent surfactants from laundry wastewater. The study successfully scaled the approach from bench-level to a pilot-scale column over 5 meters tall, demonstrating a practical, cost-effective solution for treating one of the largest sources of microplastic pollution entering waterways.

2024 ACS ES&T Water 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Removal of microplastics from secondary wastewater treatment plant effluent by coagulation/flocculation with iron, aluminum and polyamine-based chemicals

Researchers tested iron, aluminum, and polyamine-based coagulants for removing small microplastics (<10 µm) from secondary wastewater treatment plant effluent, finding that coagulation-flocculation can remove a substantial fraction but that efficiency varies by chemical and particle size.

2020 Water Research 340 citations
Article Tier 2

Efektivitas Ferrofluid dalam Penurunan Parameter Limbah Laundri

Researchers tested ferrofluid — a suspension of magnetic nanoparticles — for removing microplastics and other pollutants from laundry wastewater, achieving a 66% reduction in microplastic concentration, 70% reduction in suspended solids, and 50% reduction in dissolved solids, though surfactant removal was only 10%. These results suggest ferrofluid is a promising but partial treatment for the high microplastic loads in laundry wastewater discharge.

2023 Jurnal Serambi Engineering
Article Tier 2

“The effect of the detergent on microfibre release during the washing process of polyester textiles”

This study examined how detergent type affects microfiber release from polyester fabrics during washing, finding that detergent surfactant concentration and formulation significantly influenced fiber shedding, with some products reducing fiber release while others increased it compared to water-only washing.

2021 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Evaluation of MiniPlast Filters for Microplastic Removal from Laundry Wastewater

Researchers evaluated MiniPlast in-washing machine filters for capturing synthetic microfibers released during laundry cycles, finding that the filters significantly reduced microplastic emissions in wastewater and could serve as a practical household intervention for reducing microfiber pollution.

2025 Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management)
Article Tier 2

Removal of microfiber and surfactants from household laundry washing effluents by powdered activated carbon: kinetics and isotherm studies

Researchers tested powdered activated carbon as a way to remove microfibers and surfactants from household laundry wastewater. They found that activated carbon effectively adsorbed both contaminants, with the process following predictable chemical patterns. The study suggests that activated carbon filtration could be a practical solution for reducing the microfiber and chemical pollution that laundry discharge contributes to waterways.

2023 Water Science & Technology 16 citations
Article Tier 2

Removal of Microplastics from Wastewater Treatment Plants by Coagulation

Researchers tested coagulation-based methods for removing microplastics from wastewater using polyaluminum chloride and polyferric sulfate, with and without polyacrylamide additives. The best results came from combining polyaluminum chloride with cationic polyacrylamide, which achieved 87.5% removal of polystyrene microplastics. The study suggests that cationic polyacrylamide works especially well because of electrostatic interactions with negatively charged microplastic particles.

2026 Sustainability
Article Tier 2

Assessing the Efficacy of Magnetic Micro-Nanoparticles in Water Treatment as a Potential Solution for Textile Microplastic Pollution

Researchers tested magnetic micro/nanoparticles as a method for removing polyester microfibers from textile industry wastewater, in the context of EU REACH regulations. The magnetic treatment showed high removal efficiency for microfibers across multiple test conditions, suggesting a scalable option for textile effluent treatment.

2025 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

Removal of polystyrene and polyethylene microplastics using PAC and FeCl3 coagulation: Performance and mechanism

Researchers studied how two common water treatment coagulants, PAC and iron chloride, remove polystyrene and polyethylene microplastics from water. They found that PAC was more effective than iron chloride, and that alkaline conditions improved removal rates. The study provides practical insights for drinking water treatment plants looking to reduce microplastic contamination in their supply.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 303 citations